The sections ofAlternaria: formalizing species-group concepts

Abstract

The systematics of Alternaria and allied genera traditionally has been based on the characteristics of conidia and the sporulation apparatus. This emphasis on morphology in the reconstruction of organismal relationships has resulted in taxonomic uncertainty and flux for a number of taxa in Alternaria and the related genera Stemphylium, Embellisia, Nimbya and Ulocladium. The present study used a molecular phylogenetic approach for systematic resolution and incorporated extensive taxon sampling (n = 176 species) representing 10 genera and analyses of 10 protein-coding loci. Phylogenetic analyses based on five of these genes revealed eight distinct asexual lineages of Alternaria that cluster as the sister group to the asexual paraphyletic genus Ulocladium, while taxa with known teleomorphs currently circumscribed as Alternaria (the infectoria species-group) cluster among genera that also have representatives with known teleomorphs. This work proposes to elevate the eight well supported asexual lineages of Alternaria to the taxonomic rank of section. Evolutionary relationships among Alternaria and closely related genera are discussed.

Alterations in volatile metabolites profile of fresh tomatoes in response to Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 1912 infection

“…The strain was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan, USA); the colony, conidium morphology and sporulation characteristics of this specie were confirmed according to those described by Simmons (2007), Troncoso-Rojas et al (2005), and Lawrence et al (2013). The colony of A. alternata had a dark olive-green color, felty to wooly texture, with a prominent (2 to 5 mm) white margin and a diameter of over 80 mm after 8 to 10 days of growth.…”

Determination of fungal pathogens associated with Cuminum cyminum in Turkey

“…All A. burnsii isolates had the same sequence homology on Figure 1. Neighbor-joining tree constructed using Alt a1 gene sequences of Alternaria burnsii isolates from cumin and the reference isolates belonging to different Alternaria section described by Lawrence et al (2013). The numbers at the branch points indicate bootstrap values based on 1000 replicates and F. equiseti comprised 9.5 and 8.71%, respectively while M. phaseolina and A. alternata comprised 2.9 and 2.64% of all isolates.…”

“…JQ646388), available for Alt a1 gene of A. burnsii in GenBank. Also, DNA sequencing analysis of Alt a1 gene revealed that A. burnsii was phylogenetically distant to other speciesgroups of Alternaria described by Lawrence et al (2013) (Figure 1). Thus, the identification of A. burnsii isolates was only confirmed based on morphological characteristics described by Simmons (2007).…”

Trakya Bölgesi'nde hasat edilmiş kanola (Brassica napus L.) tohumlarında tohum kökenli fungal etmenlerin tespiti

“…Son yıllarda Alternaria türleri birbirlerine genetik olarak çok benzeyen farklı tür gruplarını içeren 24 farklı seksiyonda tanımlanmaktadır (Woudenberg et al 2013, Lawrence et al 2013, Lawrence et al 2014. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada bu tür grupları dikkate alınarak sonuçlar sunulmuştur.…”