The See Kidney Disease Targeted Screening Program for CKD

Abstract

Background and objectives The effectiveness of targeted screening for identification of CKD is largely unknown. The See Kidney Disease (SeeKD) targeted screening project aimed to determine the prevalence of unrecognized CKD in Canada.Design, setting, participants, & measurements The SeeKD project was conducted across Canada using a convenience sample approach and events to identify adults with risk factors for CKD (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease, family history of kidney problems, etc.). Participants with at least one risk factor received a point-of-care creatinine measurement to identify unrecognized CKD (CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR ,60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ). Baseline information included clinical characteristics, sociodemographics, and health knowledge. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with each Kidney Foundation of Canada branch (regionalized locations) after the screening events to characterize local screening strategies, which were subsequently categorized as individual-targeted (specifically targeting individuals at risk of CKD) and community-targeted (event in a community location in proximity to a high-risk population). We calculated the prevalence of unrecognized CKD overall, and by screening strategy.Results Between January 2011 and February 2014, 6329 Canadians participated in SeeKD screening events. Participants were predominantly female (65.3%), middle-aged (mean, 58.5 years), and the majority (88.9%) selfreported at least one risk factor for CKD. Of participants with at least one risk factor, 92.3% (n=5194) were screened, of whom 18.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17.8 to 19.9) had unrecognized CKD; the majority (13.8%) had stage 3a CKD (eGFR=45-60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ). The prevalence of unrecognized CKD was higher for branches with individual versus community-targeted events (21.9% [95% CI, 20.5 to 23.4] versus 14.7% [95% CI, 13.2 to 16.2]).Conclusions Targeted screening identified a high proportion of individuals with risk factors for CKD and a high prevalence of unrecognized CKD. Future research will evaluate the ability of targeted screening to promote selfmanagement behaviors addressing priorities for people with CKD.

SGLT2 Inhibition for CKD and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Report of a Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation

“…96,97 The newfound opportunity with SGLT2 inhibitors highlights the urgent need for better CKD screening and detection. [11][12][13][14][97][98][99] Education and activation of patients regarding the benefits of receiving reninangiotensin system inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors can be accomplished through focused discussion and information dispersed in clinical settings, communities of highrisk groups, and public media platforms. For example, the NKF and CVS Kidney Care have partnered on a campaign to promote kidney health and screening for CKD.…”

The Association between Individual Counselling and Health Behaviour Change: The See Kidney Disease (SeeKD) Targeted Screening Programme for Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Eligible participants were adults 18 years of age and older who provided informed consent. Details of the SeeKD programme and methodology have previously been reported [ 26 ]. In brief, all participants that attended a screening event were surveyed to gather baseline sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for CKD, knowledge of kidney disease, current health behaviours, and to determine those at risk of CKD.…”

Evaluation of Medical Costs of Kidney Diseases and Risk Factors in Japan

“…Gulla et al [32] pointed out the necessity of timely referrals of patients with CKD, and of a system to promote them, because referrals were often made too late. Galbraith et al [33] reported the results of the See Kidney Targeted Screening Program for CKD in Canada. A total of 6329 Canadians participated in the program, and 5194 with at least one risk factor were screened.…”

“…(Also see, Komenda, Rigatto and Tangri [34].) Risk factors of CKD include obesity, hypertension, diabetes, kidney problems, high-risk ethic group, vascular disease, family history, preeclampisa, and smoking [33] [35] [36].…”