The sei model—application to lithium-polymer electrolyte batteries

Peled, E.; Golodnitsky, D.; Ardel, G.; Eshkenazy, V.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(95)00163-9

Cited by 211 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the range of 0 to 1, the ELSA curves of F and O show a gradual decrease, indicating that species such as LiF and Li 2 O have a gradient distribution with the depth increment; as for C, its content remains nearly unchanged, which suggests that organic species from decomposition of EC/DMC may dominate this part. On the basis of these changes, it seems more likely that the SEI film is a mosaic of polyheteromicrophases as proposed by Peled et al 4,5 In the range of 1 to 2, the content of F remains basically stable, but O and C decrease gradually. This is consistent with our former observations that there is a similar composition between the freshly formed outer SEI film and the "internal SEI film", in which fluorides such as LiF from the salt reduction predominate and organic compounds decrease gradually.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

New Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Use of a Focused Ion Beam

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2005

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The formation and evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of natural graphite spheres in the electrolyte of 1 M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (volume ratio 1:1) were investigated with use of focused ion beam (FIB) technology. Secondary electron FIB images clearly show the surface and cross-section morphology of the SEI film. The composition variation along the surface and cross section of the SEI film was also explored by the elemental line scan analysis (ELSA). The initial SEI film with an apparent thickness range of ∼450 to ∼980 nm is rough in morphology and nonuniform in composition, and contains small splits. After certain electrochemical cycles, the thickened SEI film displays microscale holes and obvious cracks on the surface, and the content of organic compounds increases. In addition, the concept of "internal SEI film" is first proposed based on the characterization of the cross section of the natural graphite spheres with the aid of FIB. Finally, the capacity fading mechanisms of the natural graphite spheres corresponding to different electrochemical stages are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

New Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Use of a Focused Ion Beam

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2005

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…The low and almost constant resistance of the SEI in lithium iodide-containing electrolytes, may be associated with the thermodynamic stability of the iodide anion toward metallic lithium. The incorporation of nano-size ceramic fillers in a polymer membrane improves interfacial resistance in hybrid as well as in composite solid polymer electrolytes; 32,57 this is due to the ability of the ceramic fillers to adsorb impurities and traces of water. In addition, inorganic fillers may prevent free diffusion of the liquid electrolyte components to the lithium surface and, as a result, inhibit the growth of the SEI It is worth noting that the conductivity of the lithium passivating film in silica-containing HPEs is twice that of the alumina-based HPEs.…”

Section: 57mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,10,32 These phases may, under certain conditions, form separate layers, but we believe that it is more appropriate to treat them as polyhetero micro phases (Fig. 2 10 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future

Peled

Menkin

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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1,596

1,474

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The Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase (SEI) model for non-aqueous alkali-metal batteries constitutes a paradigm change in the understanding of lithium batteries and has thus enabled the development of safer, durable, higher-power and lower-cost lithium batteries for portable and EV applications. Prior to the publication of the SEI model (1979), researchers used the Butler-Volmer equation, in which a direct electron transfer from the electrode to lithium cations in the solution is assumed. The SEI model proved that this is a mistaken concept and that, in practice, the transfer of electrons from the electrode to the solution in a lithium battery, must be prevented, since it will result in fast self-discharge of the active materials and poor battery performance. This model provides [E. Peled, in "Lithium Batteries," J.P. Gabano (ed), Academic Press, (1983), E. Peled, J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 2047Soc., 126, (1979.] new equations for: electrode kinetics (i o and b), anode corrosion, SEI resistivity and growth rate and irreversible capacity loss of lithium-ion batteries. This model became a cornerstone in the science and technology of lithium batteries. This paper reviews the past, present and the future of SEI batteries. The PastPrior to the publication of the SEI model (1979), 1,4 researchers used the Butler-Volmer equation, in which direct electron transfer from the electrode to lithium cations in the solution is assumed. It was generally assumed that the rate-determining step (RDS) is the transfer of electrons from the metal to the cations in the solution. Researchers found that the lithium anode is covered by a passivating layer which interferes with the deposition/dissolution process of the anode. Brummer and Newman 2,3 concluded that a passivating anode can offer only a limited cycle life and in order to obtain a deep-discharge high-cycle-life secondary battery, the lithium anode must be free of a passivating layer and kinetically stable with respect to the electrolyte. The SEI model proved that this is a mistaken concept and that, in practice, the transfer of electrons from the electrode to the solution in a lithium battery, except when forming a SEI, must be prevented. The Present, Lithium-Metal and Lithium-Ion BatteriesIntroduction.-It is now generally accepted that the solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) is essentially for the existence and successful operation of lithium-and sodium-battery systems, as primary and secondary power sources. 4 In 1979, it was proposed by Peled,

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“…The composition of this SEI layer is quite complex and has been studied for many years. 117,118,119,120,121 The film has been…”

Section: Additives To Stabilize Anode Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance

Doughty¹

2012

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Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. ForewordIn 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) entered into a subcontract agreement with Dr. Daniel Doughty, the principal of Battery Safety Consulting Inc. At NREL, we perform battery research and development (R&D) in areas of materials, modeling, testing, and system analysis, particularly as they relate to the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery safety modeling and testing for electrified vehicles. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Storage R&D Vehicle Technologies Program in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under DOE/VTP Agreement 16378 of the 1102000 B&R, NREL Task Number FC086200.The purpose of the subcontract was to investigate the research, development, and other activities related to the safety of Li-ion batteries for electric drive vehicles and to provide recommendations for developing a DOE roadmap for the safety of Li-ion batteries for electric drive vehicles. Dr. Doughty has a long, distinguished career in battery R&D, particularly at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), where he was responsible for the safety and abuse tolerance testing of batteries for more than 15 years. Dr. Doughty has chaired the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) committee that revised and updated SAE Recommended Test Procedure J2464, "Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Safety and Abuse Testing," published November 2009. With his strong experience in battery safety and involvement with safety committees, Dr. Doughty was in a unique position to perform this work by collecting the necessary information, interacting with key players in the community, and providing recommendations.This document is divided into two sections: (1) the synopsis, which discusses high-level findings of the work, and (2) the full report, which provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of the state of the art and also discusses interactions with experts, users, researchers, and developers from different organizations interested in the safety of vehicle batteries.The findings and recommendations in this document will be taken into consideration by the Energy Storage R&D Program at the DOE Vehicle Technologies Program for further defining the R&D roadmap for developing safer batteries for electric drive vehicles. SynopsisThe safety of electrified vehicles with high-capacity energy storage devices creates challenges that must be met to ensure commercial acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). One of the most important objectives of DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies is to support the development of Li-ion batteries that are safe and abuse tolerant in electric drive vehicles.Batteries for EVs and HEVs, which in this document includes plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), are different from batteries developed for other applications. The environment that vehicle traction batteries experience during their life is more diff...

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The sei model—application to lithium-polymer electrolyte batteries

Cited by 211 publications

References 12 publications

New Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Use of a Focused Ion Beam

New Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Use of a Focused Ion Beam

Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future

Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance

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