“…Schooling shares many of the same structural characteristics of children's sports programs where children are grouped based on age, rated according to achievement, and placed into programs with different curricula (O'Reilly & Matt, 2012). Even though several studies (e.g., Huang, 2014b;Stipek, 2002;Stipek & Byler, 2001) have investigated the association of birthdate effects with various academic outcomes (e.g., literacy, math, standardized tests, special education placements, retention rates), fewer studies have explored the higher prevalence of GT identification of older students.…”