The selective oxidation of aldoses and aldonic acids to 2-ketoaldonic acids with lead-modified platinum-on-carbon catalysts

Bismuth as a modifier of Au–Pd catalyst: Enhancing selectivity in alcohol oxidation by suppressing parallel reaction

“…In the liquid phase oxidation of alcohols, this catalyst highlighted an extraordinary synergistic effect between gold and palladium [14]. It was assumed that the synergistic effect can be considered as a sum of two different effects: the geometric and the electronic one, the geometric deriving from the isolation of Pd active site by Au [13,22,23]. We proceeded to modify this catalyst by the addition of controlled amounts of Bi (0.1-3 wt%).…”

A simple discrimination of the promoter effect in alcohol oxidation and dehydrogenation over platinum and palladium

“…The promoter metals, such as Bi, Pb, Te, Sn, and others, have generated the most interest [22][23][24][25][26]. The promoter metals alone are inactive in alcohol oxidation under the mild conditions applied; still, they induce sometimes spectacular rate enhancement [27][28][29] or a shift in the product distribution [21,30,31]. Despite the intensive effort by several research groups, the real nature of the promoter effect is still debated.…”

Enhancement of Catalytic Activity on Pd/C and Te–Pd/C During the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Sodium Lactate to Pyruvate in an Aqueous Phase Under Pressurized Oxygen

“…With the oxidation of D-gluconic acid, Smits et al demonstrated that the primary hydroxyl group was preferentially oxidized on Pt/C while the preference dramatically changed on Pb/Pt/C toward oxidation at the a-position of the hydroxyl group [16,17]. This indicates that the oxidative dehydrogenation of the a-position of the hydroxyl group proceeds on Pt/C loaded with Pb but not on Pt/C only, and that a variety of catalyst modification similar to Pb/Pt/C have been reported in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to olefins (Pb/Pd/CaCO 3 ; Lindlar catalyst [18] and Pb/Pd/SiO 2 [19]), diacetoxylation of 1,3-butadiene (Te/Pd/ C) [20] and reforming (PtTe and PtSb/Al 2 O 3 ) [21].…”