The Self- and Informant-Personality Inventories for ICD-11: Agreement, Structure, and Relations with Health, Social, and Satisfaction Variables in Older Adults

Abstract

The International Classification of Diseases—11th Edition (ICD-11) includes a dimensional model of personality disorder and the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) is the only self-report measure to date that has been developed specifically for its assessment. The present study examines the validity of an informant-report version of the PiCD, the Informant-Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (the IPiC) and also is the first study to test the self–other agreement on the PiCD and to test the criterion validity of the PiCD and the IPiC for several popular and well-validated measures of life functioning including satisfaction with life, depressive symptoms, physical and mental health, insomnia symptoms, and cognitive decline. The present study is also the first to examine the PiCD and IPiC in a sample of older adults in the community. Results suggest that the PiCD and the IPiC show moderate self–other agreement, are associated significantly with several important life functioning areas, and have structural validity even at the item level. Further replication and validation is necessary for these instruments, but the PiCD and the IPiC have shown strong validation evidence to date, now including evidence of consensual and criterion validity.

Incremental validity of the ICD-11 personality disorder model for explaining psychological distress.

“…The pattern of bivariate relations shows that the included self-report measures cover the element of distress defined in the ICD-11 personality disorder description (WHO, 2020). As in previous studies, negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and personality dysfunctioning were related to psychological distress and anankastia was unrelated to psychological distress (Bach & Hutsebaut, 2018; Carnovale et al, 2020; Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020; Rek et al, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020). In contrast to previous research with university students (Carnovale et al, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020), also dissociality was consistently related to psychological distress.…”

“…In this study, anankastia assessed with the PiCD was the only ICD-11 personality trait domain unrelated to psychological distress and personality dysfunctioning (also see Oltmanns & Widiger, 2019, 2020). What does this finding mean for the validity of PiCD anankastia?…”

“…Dissociality and anankastia were unrelated to MMPI-2-RF internalizing dysfunction in these studies, but dissociality was related to MMPI-2-R externalizing dysfunctioning. In a different study with older adults, negative affectivity, disinhibition, and detachment assessed with the PiCD were related to depressive symptoms and lower general mental health (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020). Dissociality was related to depressive symptoms but not general mental health and anankastia was unrelated to the included indicators of psychological distress in older adults (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020).…”

“…In a different study with older adults, negative affectivity, disinhibition, and detachment assessed with the PiCD were related to depressive symptoms and lower general mental health (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020). Dissociality was related to depressive symptoms but not general mental health and anankastia was unrelated to the included indicators of psychological distress in older adults (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020). Overall, these previous findings support the criterion-related validity of the ICD-11 personality trait domains assessed with the PiCD.…”

“…Following further refinement, ICD-11 personality disorder and related traits are now conceptualized as being associated with psychological distress (Reed, 2018; World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). However, thus far, empirical evidence for this relation is sparse (for exceptions, see Carnovale et al, 2020; Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020). In addition, it is unclear whether personality dysfunctioning on the one side and more specific personality trait domains and patterns in ICD-11 on the other side possess incremental validity for explaining psychological distress beyond the respectively other component of the ICD-11 personality disorder model.…”