The self-healing sandwich panel: Production of epoxy based self-healing capsules, self-healable sandwich panel development, and experimental measurement of self-healing performance

Özer, Hakkı; Kuzu, Eslem; Özada, Çağatay; Ünal, Merve; Yazıcı, Murat

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125303

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sandwich structures with cellular cores are widely used in aircraft, marine, aviation, automotive, and components due to unique properties, including low density, high-bending rigidity, and high energy absorption capacity construction. 25,31 These structures, which have many different applications, stand out with various core structures and materials. 32,33 Polymer foams and Al honeycomb structures are widely preferred sandwich cores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The healing performance and strength increase were presented successfully for small cracks and damages and needed more than 4 h at 80 °C to fully cure the epoxy healing agent. 31 However, these sandwich structures cannot heal or delay the hazard in case large holes or damages suddenly occur for reasons such as a terrorist attack for a dangerous gas or fluid transporting tankers. For this purpose, in this study, PU-based macrocapsules were developed and presented their healing performance for suddenly produced damages and penetrated large holes in Al honeycomb core sandwiches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Not only improving strength and rigidity but also the self-healing purpose of the sandwich structure core's cells has filled with the self-healing capsules. 31 In our previous study, we have filled the Al honeycomb cells with macrocapsules carrying epoxy resin and activators as healing agents. The healing performance and strength increase were presented successfully for small cracks and damages and needed more than 4 h at 80 °C to fully cure the epoxy healing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A sandwich panel that autonomously repairs sudden large holes and defects for tankers and pipelines carrying hazardous matter

Özer

Kuzu

Özada

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The self-healing of micro and macro cracks is vital for eliminating defects such as damage progression and loss of strength in structures. In this study, a polyurethane (PU) based geometrically self-healing sandwich structure was developed. The geometric healing agent, PU resin and activator, were filled into macrocapsules, and these capsules were filled into the Aluminum (Al) honeycomb cells. Self-healing of structural strength, large holes and cracks in developed sandwich structures were investigated by performing quasi-static compression and impact penetration tests. The sandwich structure with a self-healing capsules-filled core was damaged by subjecting it to quasi-static and penetration impact loads, and the healing agents in the broken capsules were mixed. The damage in the specimen was removed by geometric self-healing. Liquid and air permeability tests were applied to the PU foam used as a healing agent. No liquid permeability was observed in the structure. In addition, significant reductions in air permeability were obtained. Scanning electron microscope images were used to explore the characterization of the PU foam structure cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A sandwich panel that autonomously repairs sudden large holes and defects for tankers and pipelines carrying hazardous matter

Özer

Kuzu

Özada

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[1][2][3][4] Sandwich constructions with aluminum honeycomb cores, on the other hand, remain one of the most significant industrial options due to their static and dynamic mechanical properties, their optimal form, and easy availability due to well-established production methods. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Damage to structural materials caused by mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes significantly influences their performance, durability, and service life. Therefore, bio-inspired self-healing materials have been designed to repair the damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun et al 24 provided new insight into the investigation of the fabrication of self-healing phenol formaldehyde capsules containing Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) as a healing agent. Özer et al 12 developed a self-healing sandwich structure using a novel encapsulation method that creates healing macro capsules of various sizes. The macro capsules were inserted into the honeycomb core to create selfhealing sandwich structures with improved mechanical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An easy-to-implement self-healing smart design for increasing impact strength and crashworthiness resistance of honeycomb sandwich structures

Güçlü

Osmanoğlu

Hayırkuş

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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In this paper, the dynamic compression impact response of an aluminum honeycomb core filled with open-cell foams impregnated with self-healing liquid agents was investigated experimentally. Samples were subjected to a variety of impacts in order to determine healing time and self-healing performance. Three different sandwich specimens were developed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-healing. The sandwich specimens are designated as B (empty honeycomb core cells), S (only open-cell soft polyurethane foam-filled honeycomb core cells), and self-healing agent (SHA) (open-cell soft polyurethane foams impregnated with liquid self-healing agents). The test results were presented by considering the crashworthiness and healing efficiency criteria, and the impact characteristics of the samples were compared related to these criteria. After testing, the results demonstrated that the self-healing agent specimens had much fewer buckling deformation and displacement than their counterparts. Significant improvements were achieved in healing efficiencies and crashworthiness evaluation criteria. The peak load and the energy needed to attain peak load are considered healing efficiency criteria. Self-healing agent specimens reached 29.7% and 12.9% more peak loads, and in the energy absorbed up to peak loads 140% and 34.9% higher values than the B and S sandwiches. In the same samples, crushing strain features were acquired as 50% versus 66%, indicating less displacement in self-healing agent specimens than counterparts. The results indicated that an aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure that can heal itself after damage and recover impact characteristics remarkably could be produced practically.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: A review

Wang,

Tang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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With their high specific modulus, high specific strength and designability, fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have replaced or surpassed traditional metallic materials in a wide range of applications. However, the polymer matrix of commonly used FRP composites is usually a thermosetting polymer that is difficult to rework once formed, which implants a substantial challenge for the repair and recycling of composites. Self‐repair, as an emerging method of repairing polymer‐based materials, has the advantages of simplification, high efficiency and repeatability against traditional repair methods. Research on self‐healing polymer materials is developing rapidly and becoming more systematic. With the development of self‐healing polymer, polymer‐based composites with self‐healing capabilities are becoming possible. This paper reviews the current development of self‐healing polymers in recent years, with specific emphasis on their applications in FRP composites. According to the difference in healing mechanisms, the self‐healing polymer composites are split into two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic ones. The essential concepts and different types of intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing composites are first introduced. Then, their pros and cons are discussed, respectively. Finally, the perspectives of intrinsic as well as extrinsic self‐healing FRP composites are put forward.Highlights Development of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. Extrinsic and intrinsic self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. Pros and cons of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. Perspectives of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.

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The self-healing sandwich panel: Production of epoxy based self-healing capsules, self-healable sandwich panel development, and experimental measurement of self-healing performance

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

A sandwich panel that autonomously repairs sudden large holes and defects for tankers and pipelines carrying hazardous matter

A sandwich panel that autonomously repairs sudden large holes and defects for tankers and pipelines carrying hazardous matter

An easy-to-implement self-healing smart design for increasing impact strength and crashworthiness resistance of honeycomb sandwich structures

Intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: A review

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