The Self-Preserving Size Distribution Theory

Synthesis and Covalent Surface Functionalization of Nonoxidic Iron Core−Shell Nanomagnets

“…The log-normal shape of the particle size distribution as well as the number based geometric standard deviation σ g,n are in close agreement with modeling results based on Brownian aggregation for nanoparticles in the gas phase (theoretical value of σ g,n is 1.46, spheres, free molecular regime). 38 This log-normal shape of the particles size distribution also shows the readily identifiable similarity of the process to the well-established industrially applied flame spray process. Although the absence of hard agglomerates (particles sintered together or covalently bound through connected carbon layers) can not be entirely excluded at present; earlier detailed studies 39,40 on particles derived from similar flames did not show pronounced formation of hard agglomerates (consisting of 1-30 primary particles).…”

Novel and global approach of the complex and interconnected phenomena related to the contact line movement past a solid surface from hydrophobized silica gel

“…It seems that slip occurs when the assumption of a continuum medium is not fully satisfied; the main parameter involved is the Knudsen number Kn = L p /L, where L p represents the mean free molecular path and L is a typical length. Relative to the Knudsen number one defines the following regimes [14,45]: free molecular (10 1 < Kn < 10 2 ), near free molecular transition (10 0 < Kn < 10 1 ), near continuum transition (10 −2 < Kn < 10 0 ), and continuum (10 −3 < Kn < 10 −2 ). For 10 −2 < Kn < 10 −1 , the fluid flow still preserves the characteristics of a continuum, but slip seems to occur [6,13,14,38,46,47].…”

Nano-droplet ejection and nucleation of materials submitted to non-thermal plasma filaments

“…The modal diameter increases with the gap length, as expected from higher energy per micro-discharge in larger gaps. Hence, the energy per filament in DBD which depends on the gap geometry and dielectric properties (gap length, specific capacitance related to thickness and permittivity of dielectric material [3][9]), controls the local initial vapor flux from surfaces. The mass of material vaporized per filament depends on the energy per filament, for micro-discharges as for streamer and prevented spark discharges, depicted above.…”

“…So-called aerosol processes leading to products from reactants with at least one step including aerosols are cost-effective, environment friendly without liquid by-products and energy efficient. Since, high purity particles, more easily collected from gases than from liquids, are produced, some aerosol processes are scaled-up for daily production of hundreds of tons of TiO 2 nano-powders and others are integrated in chemistry, energy, environment and health industry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. If nano-powders are used to save raw material, size-dependent properties of nano-materials are reported for tailored nano-particles smaller than 50 nm with mono-dispersed size distributions (geometric standard deviation < 1,2 [1]).…”

“…Nucleation is a bottom-up route producing suspended nano-particles with unique composition, generally agglomerated. Indeed, classical nucleation processes such as flames, lasers and plasmas lead to agglomerated primary nanoparticles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”