The Sense of Dispositional Optimism vs the Frequency of Consuming Selected Groups of Products and Performance Enhancers among Soccer Players

Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes

“…Other studies on the psychological conditions of using dietary supplements by athletes allowed the predictive meaning of specific personal resources, including the sense of generalised self-efficacy and available optimism, to be shown [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In this respect, it was demonstrated that American football players with a lower level of efficacy used multivitamin supplements significantly more often than those characterised by a higher level [ 38 ].…”

“…This could be related to the fact that athletes with a lower sense of generalised self-efficacy presented less rational nutritional choices, increasing the risk of nutritional deficiencies [ 68 ]. In turn, among competitive athletes, it was shown that individuals with a higher level of available optimism showed more rational nutritional choices and more frequent probiotic use [ 40 ]. The studies also allowed the confirmation of a relationship between personality traits, diet quality and the nutritional behaviour of athletes, including players training in team sports [ 22 , 23 , 48 ] and physical education students, also presenting increased levels of physical activity [ 69 ].…”

“…The literature available on the functional properties of individual supplements, including ergogenic aids, is highly extensive [ 11 , 12 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In numerous studies, the use of supplements by athletes of various disciplines is described in detail [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. However, there are fewer research works on the individual conditions of athletes using these measures.…”

“…However, there are fewer research works on the individual conditions of athletes using these measures. The works existing in this area concern, in particular, the relationship between ergogenic agents and personal resources, including a sense of generalised self-efficacy and the optimism that may be present [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, the authors of this work were not acquainted with publications on personality conditions regarding the use of dietary supplements by high-performance athletes.…”