The Sensitivity of Soils to Acid Precipitation

Wiklander, Lambert

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3033-2_38

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Indirectly, acid rain influences soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake (McFee, 1983). The relative importance of indirect effects varies with soil properties (Wiklander, 1980). It is generally assumed that such effects may be beneficial, neutral or detrimental to plant growth depending on the relative contribution of fertilization and soil acidification (Rutherford, 1984).…”

Section: Pegtelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether soils acidify depend on their properties. Poorly buffered (low CEC), non-calcareous sandy soils of moderate acidity (pH ranging from 5 to 6) are the most susceptible to current levels of acid rain (Wiklander, 1980;McFee, 1983), including cover sands. Such aeolian deposited sands of the Weichsel age have very low contents of clay, organic matter and plant nutrients.…”

Section: Pegtelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ionic Al in culture solutions on the growth ofArnica montana L. andDeschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.

Pegtel

1987

Plant Soil

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The distribution of Arnica montana L., a hemicryptophytic plant of acid peaty heathlands on nutrientpoor humic podzols has declined in the Netherlands since 1950. The decline is significantly correlated with the 95-percentile of the SO2 concentration in the air over the winter period of 1978/1979. The resulting acid rain could have caused increased levels of ionic A1 in low-buffered soils as 'Haar' and 'Veld' (humic) podzols. Ionic AI is generally considered to be an important growth-limiting factor in many acid soils which are often leached causing additionally low levels of Ca and Mg.The toxic effect of AP + on seedlings growth of Arnica and on the Al-tolerant, calcifugous grass Deschampsiaflexuosa (L.) Trin. was investigated. Seedlings of both species were grown on complete nutrient solutions situated in a heated greenhouse. Various concentrations of AI 3 + at high acidity (pH 3.8) were used. Relatively high and low levels of Ca and/or Mg were factorially combined.It appeared that Arnica and Deschampsia are AI tolerant, the former being somewhat less so. At relatively low concentrations (e.g. 5 mg 1 -~) of ionic A1, growth of shoot and roots of both species were stimulated.Tolerance to AI 3+ is possibly due to an internal Al-chelating mechanism. The Ca and Mg supply did show an influence on growth (yield), but both divalent ions did not affect the magnitude of A1 toxicity. These results may indicate that it is not likely that the decline of the regional distribution and abundance of Arnica since 1950 is regulated by ionic A1 in the rooting zone.

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Section: Pegtelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pegtelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ionic Al in culture solutions on the growth ofArnica montana L. andDeschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.

Pegtel

1987

Plant Soil

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“…The extent to which percolating solutions are acidified by this nitrification process depends on the rate of such H+ release relative to the rate of H+ neutralization (or pH buffering), which frequently involves cation exchange reactions (McFee et aI., 1977; Wiklander, 1980b). As the H ions move through the soil profile, they can gradually displace nutrient bases from the cation exchange complex, thus causing a drop in soil pH and base saturation and an increase in solution pH.…”

Section: Potential Effects Of Nitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nitrification on Soil Acidification and Cation Leaching in a Red Alder Ecosystem

Miegroet¹,

Cole

1984

J of Env Quality

236

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of internal nitrification on soil and soil solution acidity and on the rate of nutrient export through NO3− mediated leaching. This was achieved by comparing soil chemical properties and soil solution composition within a naturally N‐rich red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ecosystem to those of an adjacent Douglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesil (Mirbel) Franco] forest where soil N levels were significantly lower and no measurable HNO3 production could be observed. In the red alder system, where > 100 kg ha−1 yr−1 of N were added through symbiotic N2 fixation, the net annual NO3− leaching past the 40‐cm soil depth amounted to 3460 mol charges ha−1, and NO3− concentrations in the solutions collected below 40 cm periodically exceeded drinking water standards of 10 mg L−1. The H+ and NO3− release was most pronounced in the forest floor and top 10 cm of the soil under alder occupancy and caused significant acidification of percolating solutions. Less than 1% of the total H+ input from internal (nitrification) and external (atmospheric) sources leached below the 40‐cm depth, which was indicative for the strong buffering capacity of this particular soil. The cation displacement reactions involved in this pH buffering caused a 15% decline in base saturation and a significant acidification of the upper part of the soil profile. The presence of large amounts of mobile NO3− in solution triggered accelerated cation leaching, causing a selective redistribution of primarily exchangeable Ca2+ from the A to the B horizon. These field studies lead us to conclude that the rate and the selectivity of NO3− mediated leaching in a red alder system could significantly lower the exchangeable cation pool in the rooting zone or cause nutrient imbalance, if a site is managed for repeated rotations of red alder.

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“…The H + produced usually cannot be directly measured because it quickly exchanges for base cations on cation exchange sites. Exceptions to this rule can occur in very acid soils where H + cation exchange is inefficient due to low availability of exchangeable base cations (high saturation with H + and Al 3+ ) 15 or in soil solutions containing highly buffered organic acids. In such cases, H + leaching may be significant and actually exceed atmospheric H + input, as illustrated in the Findley Lake A2 horizon (Table II).…”

Section: Ionic Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Acid Deposition and Natural Processes to Cation Leaching from Forest Soils: A Review

Johnson

Miegroet

Cole

et al. 1983

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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The Sensitivity of Soils to Acid Precipitation

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of ionic Al in culture solutions on the growth ofArnica montana L. andDeschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.

Effect of ionic Al in culture solutions on the growth ofArnica montana L. andDeschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.

The Impact of Nitrification on Soil Acidification and Cation Leaching in a Red Alder Ecosystem

Contributions of Acid Deposition and Natural Processes to Cation Leaching from Forest Soils: A Review

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