The Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Lithium from the Sulfate Leach Liquor of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries using PC-88A

Nguyen, Van Tam; Lee, Jae Chun; Jeong, Jin Ki; Kim, Byung Su; Pandey, B.D.

doi:10.9713/kcer.2015.53.2.137

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The diluent of the organic phase in all studies has been some conventional commercial kerosene, except for those where sulfonated kerosene is mentioned. (Nguyen et al, 2015) Note: Continuing the previous process after extraction of Co…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent extraction fractionation of Li-ion battery leachate containing Li, Ni, and Co

Virolainen

Fini

Laitinen

et al. 2017

Separation and Purification Technology

104

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In this research, the separation of Li, Ni, and Co by solvent extraction was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery waste leachate. The purpose was to propose a process for producing all the metals with over 99.5% purities, as the purity demands for battery grade metals are high. Emphasis was also placed on obtaining pure Li raffinate in the early stage of the process, as societal interest in Li is growing rapidly. Thus, the purpose was to first extract Co and Ni selectively yielding pure Li raffinate, and consequently separating Co and Ni as pure products in the stripping stage. The equilibrium behavior of the separation system was studied by constructing the pH isotherms as well as loading and stripping isotherms. Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and (2ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC-88A) were used as extractants, both as unmodified and modified with 5% v/v TOA or TBP. Based on the equilibrium results, bench-scale continuous counter-current separation experiments were designed and conducted using 1.0 M Cyanex 272 modified with 5% v/v TOA. Co and Ni were loaded in two stages from the sulfate feed solution containing 2.8 g/L of Li, 14.4 g/L of Co, and 0.5 g/L of Ni. In this step, over 99.6% yields for Co and Ni were achieved, giving 99.9% pure Li raffinate. However, 17-26% of Li was co-extracted, but efficient scrubbing with NiSO4 was designed with equilibrium experiments and demonstrated in continuous operation. In the stripping step, 99.5% pure aqueous Ni solution and 99.2% pure organic Co solution were obtained using two counter-current stages. Adding one more stage increased the Ni and Co purities to 99.7 and 99.6%, respectively. In addition to the high purities of the metals, the suggested process has fewer process steps compared to previously suggested flowsheets for similar fractionation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent extraction fractionation of Li-ion battery leachate containing Li, Ni, and Co

Virolainen

Fini

Laitinen

et al. 2017

Separation and Purification Technology

104

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“…This phenomenon in lithium batteries is the result of volume changes that occur during the conversion of hydrogen solid solution to the hydride phase during cycling [67][68][69]. Cobalt, nickel and lithium suffer from sulfate leachate of cathode scrap, which occurs during the processing of Li-ion batteries [70,71] and deals with the selective recovery of nickel and lithium from sulfate leachate using extractive separation.…”

Section: Temperature's Influence On Labsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Power System Electrical Source Fault Review

Hadj Salem,

Mansouri,

Chauveau

et al. 2024

Energies

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The phrase “Multi-Power System (MPS)” refers to an application that combines different energy conversion technologies to meet a specific energy need. These integrated power systems are rapidly being lauded as essential for future decarbonized grids to achieve optimum efficiency and cost reduction. The fact that MPSs multiply several sources also multiplies their advantages to be environmentally friendly and increases the possibility of energy autonomy as they do not depend on a single source. Consequently, this increases the reliability and reduces the production costs and the size of the storage system. However, the main disadvantages of such a system are the complexity of its architecture and the difficulty in managing the power level, which leads the system to face many faults and sometimes failure. In this case, a fault-tolerant control (FTC) system can automatically adapt to component malfunctions while maintaining closed-loop system stability to achieve acceptable performance. However, on the way to build efficient FTC, one first needs to study the faults that may occur in the system in order to tolerate them. This review paper presents the faults of the MPS electrical sources used in a hybrid system, including a photovoltaic generator and a diesel generator, plus a lead–acid battery as a storage device. Only the most-encountered faults are treated.

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“…leaching, solvent extraction, precipitation, etc. 5 Leaching, is usually carried out in sulfuric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide 6,7 but other studies showed that hydrochloric acid could be alternatively used. 8,9 Metal extraction and metal separation are key steps of recycling processes to produce high-grade salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-carbon footprint diluents in solvent extraction for lithium-ion battery recycling

Ahamed,

Swoboda,

Arora

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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The Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Lithium from the Sulfate Leach Liquor of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries using PC-88A

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Solvent extraction fractionation of Li-ion battery leachate containing Li, Ni, and Co

Solvent extraction fractionation of Li-ion battery leachate containing Li, Ni, and Co

Multi-Power System Electrical Source Fault Review

Low-carbon footprint diluents in solvent extraction for lithium-ion battery recycling

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