The Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence

Levine, John B.; Green, Catherine J.; Millon, Theodore

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5001_14

Cited by 127 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Higher scores indicate greater autonomy difficulties. On par with previous reports (Eggert, 2007; Levine et al, 1986), Cronbach’s alpha for the Separation Anxiety sub-scale was .66 to .77 across sex and pubertal groups.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

The emergence of sex differences in risk for disordered eating attitudes during puberty: A role for prenatal testosterone exposure.

Culbert

Breedlove

Sisk

et al. 2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may masculinize (i.e., lower) disordered eating (DE) attitudes and behaviors and influence the lower prevalence of eating disorders in males versus females. How or when these effects become prominent remains unknown, although puberty may be a critical developmental period. In animals, the masculinizing effects of early testosterone exposure become expressed during puberty when gonadal hormones activate sex-typical behaviors, including eating behaviors. This study examined whether the masculinizing effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on DE attitudes emerge during puberty in 394 twins from opposite-sex and same-sex pairs. Twin type (opposite sex vs. same sex) was used as a proxy for level of prenatal testosterone exposure because females from opposite-sex twin pairs are thought to be exposed to testosterone in utero from their male co-twin. Consistent with animal data, there were no differences in levels of DE attitudes between opposite-sex and same-sex twins during pre-early puberty. However, during mid-late puberty, females from opposite-sex twin pairs (i.e., females with a male co-twin) exhibited more masculinized (i.e., lower) DE attitudes than females from same-sex twin pairs (i.e., females with a female co-twin), independent of several “third variables” (e.g., body mass index [BMI], anxiety). Findings suggest that prenatal testosterone exposure may decrease DE attitudes and at least partially underlie sex differences in risk for DE attitudes after mid-puberty.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

The emergence of sex differences in risk for disordered eating attitudes during puberty: A role for prenatal testosterone exposure.

Culbert

Breedlove

Sisk

et al. 2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With regard to external validity, Levine et al (1986) found that subjects categorized as anxious-moody according to the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI; Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982) achieved higher scores on the SITA Separation Anxiety subscale than other groups formed through MAPI classifications. Likewise, subjects in the confident-outgoing group (MAPI classification) scored higher than subjects in the other personality categories on the Healthy Separation subscale of the SITA (Levine et al, 1986). Reliability estimates for the SITA subscales have not yet been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Procedures and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Promising measurement strategies have recently been introduced. These include scales or subscales from the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT;Hamburg, 1972Hamburg, , 1980, the Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI; Hoffman, 1984), and the Separation-individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA; Levine, Green, & Millon, 1986). Grounded in psychoanalytic and neopsychoanalytic theory, the SAT is a semistructured, projective instrument that is commonly used to explore the link between adolescents' separation experiences and later emotional problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation-individuation, family cohesion, and adjustment to college: Measurement validation and test of a theoretical model.

Rice¹,

Cole²,

Lapsley³

1990

Journal of Counseling Psychology

129

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the relation between adolescent separation-individuation, family cohesion, and college adjustment. A large sample of college students was split into two groups. One group was used to determine whether several measures of separation-individuation were measuring different dimensions of individuation. Two related factors, labeled Positive Separation Feelings and Independence From Parents, emerged from an exploratory factor analysis of the measures. A theoretical model, derived from psychodynamic and family systems perspectives of separationindividuation, was tested on the second group of subjects. The model specified that college adjustment would be predicted by family cohesion, positive separation feelings, and independence from parents. The results indicated that the Positive Separation Feelings factor was a better predictor of college adjustment than Independence From Parents or Family Cohesion.

show abstract

“…Family distance regulation was measured with two scales that were revised for this project. The first was the Healthy Separation subscale from the Separation Individuation Test for Adolescence (Levine, Green, & Millon, 1986). This subscale was designed to measure an adolescent's sense of self within relationships with parents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of the separatedness subscale in this study was low for both mothers and children. It could be that the items included from the healthy separation subscale of the Separation Individuation Test for Adolescents (Levine et al, 1986) are not relevant for mothers and their younger children, or that a five-item scale with these particular items did not provide enough internal consistency. More work is needed to develop measures of family distance regulation that are sensitive to change, and appropriate for children and adolescents.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits to Children Who Participate in Family Therapy with their Substance‐Using Mother

Bartle‐Haring

Slesnick

Murnan

2017

J Marital Family Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is rare that family members other than the identified patient are followed over time in studies of therapy effectiveness. Family therapy is believed to be effective because it targets processes within the system that maintain symptoms. If these processes are changed, then all family members can benefit. Using a sample of 183 mother-child dyads from a study comparing family therapy for adult substance use versus an attention control, change in child's substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) was estimated. Children who participated in family therapy with their mothers showed greater decreases in alcohol and tobacco use and were less likely to begin using compared to children whose mothers participated in the attention control condition.

show abstract

The Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence

Cited by 127 publications

References 3 publications

The emergence of sex differences in risk for disordered eating attitudes during puberty: A role for prenatal testosterone exposure.

The emergence of sex differences in risk for disordered eating attitudes during puberty: A role for prenatal testosterone exposure.

Separation-individuation, family cohesion, and adjustment to college: Measurement validation and test of a theoretical model.

Benefits to Children Who Participate in Family Therapy with their Substance‐Using Mother

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About