The separation of biomolecules using capillary electrochromatography

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

“…As a result, miniaturized separation techniques, employing chromatographic columns with reduced I.D. (so-called capillary columns), i.e., CLC/nano-LC, capillary electrochromatography (CEC), have begun to be recognized worldwide as a valid alternative to classical and analytical techniques, specifically HPLC and GC (Fu et al, 2003;Gübitz and Schmid, 2008;Asensio-Ramos et al, 2009). …”

“…CEC, generally described as an hybrid technique exploiting advantages of both HPLC (i.e., selectivity) and capillary electrophoresis (i.e., high efficiency) (Fu et al, 2003), will be considered only in this section. In fact it makes use of the same capillary columns employed in CLC/nano-LC.…”

Less common applications of monoliths

“…This activity led to acceptance of monolithic columns in the large family of chromatographic stationary phases. Their applications in a variety of liquid chromatographic modes including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has recently been described in several reviews [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and books [11,26]. However, the less common applications of monolithic materials that include supports for solid phase and combinatorial synthesis [27][28][29], scavengers [30,31], carriers for immobilization of enzymes [32][33][34], static mixers [35], thermally responsive gates and valves [36][37][38], as well as solid phase extractors and pre-concentrators [39] are escaping the awareness of the scientific community.…”

Investigation of the novel mixed‐mode stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. II. Separation of amino acids and peptides on sulfonated naphthalimido‐modified silyl silica gel

“…However, for CEC to become a widely accepted analytical technique it is necessary to offer a means to separate charged biomolecules with a selectivity different from that obtained in HPLC and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Thus, the focus of recent CEC has concentrated on the separation of biomolecules including amino acids [10][11][12][13] and peptides [14][15][16][17][18] with packed, monolithic, and coated capillary columns. Most of these separations using packed capillary columns can be performed on n-alkyl functionalized silica packing materials (e.g., C 8 , C 18 ) under acidic conditions.…”