The separation of neodymium by quaternary amine from didymium nitrate solution

Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate: a process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries

“…Several ionic liquids of this type have already been reported, although they are often diluted in molecular solvents to reduce the viscosity of the ionic liquid. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Recently, we have reported the separation of some main transition metals (Co, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) from rare earths with the non-fluorinated and undiluted ionic liquid trihexyl-(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos ® IL 101). 20 Although the elements could be separated very efficiently, this separation process has also some disadvantages.…”

Hydrometallurgical Recovery and Process Optimization of Rare Earth Fluorides from Recycled Magnets

“…As a part of the impurities encountered in REE recovery, some of the leached Fe is also recovered as ammonium jarosite in the final REF product. To remove this impurity, the final product form is subjected to high temperature (250-500 • C) to decompose the ammonium jarosite [18][19][20][21] For solvent extraction and ion exchange, different cationic, anionic and solvating extractants such as di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), dialkyl phosphonic acid (Cyanex 272), 2-ethyl-hexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethyl-hexyl ester (PC 88A), neodecanoic acid (Versatic 10), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) have been reported for the separation of REEs from solution with D2EHPA being more commonly used with nitrate, sulfate, chloride and perchlorate solutions, PC 88A with chloride solutions, and TBP with nitrate solutions [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Interestingly, many of the same chemical types used as solvent extractants are also used in solid form as ion-exchange resins from the same type of leaching solutions [23,24,28,32].…”

Solvent Extraction of Didymium by TBP, Aliquat 336 and HDEHP in The Presence of Ca(NO3)2

“…The main systems for the separation of a Pr-Nd pair described in literature are Aliquat 336 in the presence of NH 4 NO 3 as a salting-out agent [27,28]; organophosphorus acids (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, HDEHP, and 2-ethyl-hexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester, EHEHPA) in chloride media [29] or synergetic systems of EHEHPA + 8-hydroxyquinoline [30]. TBP was also used to separate of the "light" group of REEs in the presence of nitric acid as a salting-out agent [31] and to model the extraction of Nd(NO 3 ) 3 and Pr(NO 3 ) 3 in the presence of NH 4 NO 3 as a salting-out agent [32].…”