The Settlement of Crossiecrown:

Card, Nick; Downes, Jane; Richards, Colin; Jones, Richard E.; Challands, Adrian; French, Charles; Thomas, Antonia

doi:10.2307/j.ctv13gvg8m.12

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Two Bayesian models have been presented for the end of activity at the Ness of Brodgar (Card et al 2018: 246-9), suggesting that the deposition of a large quantity of cattle bone (and a barbed and tanged arrowhead and possible Beaker sherd) late in the site's history occurred in either 2340-2200 cal bc or 2565-2360 cal bc (at 95% probability). Though poorly dated, the so-called 'Red House' at Crossiecrown produced an assemblage of Grooved Ware probably dating to the mid-3rd millennium BC (Card et al 2016;Griffiths 2016: 272). Here, however, the later activity at the site was associated with Beaker pottery, with a date of 1973-1748 cal BC being associated with the building's eventual collapse (Griffiths 2016: 262).…”

Section: The Demise Of Grooved Ware In Orkneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the lines

Copper¹,

Hamilton²,

Gibson³

2021

PSAS

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This article presents the results of the recent Historic Environment Scotland-funded project Tracing the Lines: Uncovering Grooved Ware Trajectories in Neolithic Scotland addressing the timing and nature of the adoption, development and ultimate demise of Grooved Ware in Scotland beyond Orkney. Following analysis within a Bayesian framework of over a hundred Grooved Ware-associated radiocarbon dates from Scotland beyond Orkney, evidence is presented that Grooved Ware pottery very closely related to Orcadian prototypes began spreading rapidly between key locales across Scotland towards the end of the 4th millennium BC. This was followed by a process of stylistic drift with regional variations. The so-called Durrington Walls sub-style was introduced some 200 years after the earliest Grooved Ware and is an exception to this pattern of gradual change. Our modelling suggests that the latest Scottish Grooved Ware has a currency that overlaps with the earliest Beakers by between 1 and 145 years and probably between 1 and 60 years. View supplementary material here: Supplementary material | References | Table S1 | Illus S40 Extracted Element

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Section: The Demise Of Grooved Ware In Orkneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the lines

Copper¹,

Hamilton²,

Gibson³

2021

PSAS

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Analysis of coloured Grooved Ware sherds from the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney

Jones

Towers²,

Card³

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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To the accumulation of evidence of painted decoration applied to Neolithic and Early Bronze Age pottery in Britain and elsewhere in Europe we report here the presence of decoration in red, black and white on some third millennium BC Grooved ware pottery at the Ness of Brodgar on Orkney. As expected, the red was identified as an iron-rich material and black was carbon black. The white was prepared from calcined (cow) bone; however, its identification encountered some issues arising principally from the effects of the prevailing burial conditions on the bone. Furthermore, whereas the chemical and FTIR data were consistent with the presence of apatite, XRD indicated that the white had a significant content of silicate minerals. This finding has suggested that the white required a preparatory step which might have included the calcined bone bring ground to powder in a stone mortar before application to the vessel surface. The results obtained at Ness of Brodgar are reviewed in the light of archaeometric data on similarly decorated prehistoric pottery reported from sites in Europe.

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Social organization in the Orcadian Neolithic: identification of elite domestic structures and settlements through analysis of excavation data

MacInnes

2018

Scottish Archaeological J

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The nature of social organization during the Orcadian Neolithic has been the subject of discussion for several decades with much of the debate focused on answering an insightful question posed by Colin Renfrew in 1979. He asked, how was society organised to construct the larger, innovative monuments of the Orcadian Late Neolithic that were centralised in the western Mainland? There are many possible answers to the question but little evidence pointing to a probable solution, so the discussion has continued for many years. This paper takes a new approach by asking a different question: what can be learned about Orcadian Neolithic social organization from the quantitative and qualitative evidence accumulating from excavated domestic structures and settlements? In an attempt to answer this question, quantitative and qualitative data about domestic structures and about settlements was collected from published reports on 15 Orcadian Neolithic excavated sites. The published data is less extensive than hoped but is sufficient to support a provisional answer: a social hierarchy probably did not develop in the Early Neolithic but almost certainly did in the Late Neolithic, for which the data is more comprehensive. While this is only one approach of several possible ways to consider the question, it is by exploring different methods of analysis and comparing them that an understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic can move forward.

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The Settlement of Crossiecrown:

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Tracing the lines

Tracing the lines

Analysis of coloured Grooved Ware sherds from the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney

Social organization in the Orcadian Neolithic: identification of elite domestic structures and settlements through analysis of excavation data

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