“…As was previously stated, ADHD is highly prevalent in populations with SUD and is associated with more severe course of the syndrome (Mariani & Levin, 2007). Persons with a co-occurring psychiatric disorder and SUD in general have a more persistent illness course, because the associated social and behavioral problems can make them more refractive to treatment than those without dual diagnosis (Brown, Recupero, & Stout, 1995;Everitt et al, 2008;O'Brien et al, 2004;Schubiner et al, 2000;Stevens, Schwebel, & Ruiz, 2007;Swartz & Lurigio, 1999;Wilens, Adler, Adams et al, 2008;Wilens, Adler, Weiss et al, 2008). Clinicians must be more cognizant of the complicated nature of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD when it is comorbid with SUD.…”