The severity of mouse pathologies caused by the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti in relation to host immune status

Kouřilová, Pavlína; Syrůček, Martin; Kolářová, Libuše

doi:10.1007/s00436-004-1079-7

Cited by 32 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In comparison to the case with immunocompetent mice, the schistosomula survived longer in the CNS, probably due to the absence of T and B lymphocytes (215,224), cells that may represent important effectors in destruction of schistosomula. Larger numbers of schistosomula in the CNS and their extended time of migration via nervous tissue resulted in a higher rate of occurrence of paralysis of immunodeficient SCID mice (215).…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 82%

“…For up to 3 days p.i., migration of schistosomula through the murine nervous tissue did not evoke inflammation or tissue damage, and all detected parasites were intact (215,224). A host reaction to the infection was visible on days 6 and 7 p.i.…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 89%

“…A host reaction to the infection was visible on days 6 and 7 p.i. The presence of parasites led to the accumulation of immune cells, predominantly microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, CD3 ϩ lymphocytes (215,224).…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(215). Challenge infections triggered a strong immune response, which efficiently and rapidly eliminated the schistosomes (215,224).…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a naive (nonsensitized) or immunodeficient experimental host, at least some worms survive, leave the skin, and migrate throughout the body (213,232). Mild to severe consequences of such migration may appear (see above); most importantly, T. regenti is neurotropic and can cause damage to the central nervous system (155,207,214,215,220,224). To date, no information about migration of avian schistosomes in human bodies is available.…”

Section: Skin Immune Response and Cercarial Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a condition caused by infective larvae (cercariae) of a species-rich group of mammalian and avian schistosomes. Over the last decade, it has been reported in areas that previously had few or no cases of dermatitis and is thus considered an emerging disease. It is obvious that avian schistosomes are responsible for the majority of reported dermatitis outbreaks around the world, and thus they are the primary focus of this review. Although they infect humans, they do not mature and usually die in the skin. Experimental infections of avian schistosomes in mice show that in previously exposed hosts, there is a strong skin immune reaction that kills the schistosome. However, penetration of larvae into naive mice can result in temporary migration from the skin. This is of particular interest because the worms are able to migrate to different organs, for example, the lungs in the case of visceral schistosomes and the central nervous system in the case of nasal schistosomes. The risk of such migration and accompanying disorders needs to be clarified for humans and animals of interest (e.g., dogs). Herein we compiled the most comprehensive review of the diversity, immunology, and epidemiology of avian schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis.

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Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(215). Challenge infections triggered a strong immune response, which efficiently and rapidly eliminated the schistosomes (215,224).…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Nasal Species In Birds and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Immune Response and Cercarial Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

et al. 2015

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Trichobilharzia szidati: the lung phase of migration within avian and mammalian hosts

2006

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The passage of Trichobilharzia szidati schistosomula through the vertebrate lungs was examined in natural and abnormal hosts--birds (ducks Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica) and mammals (mice Mus musculus Bagg albino/c [BALB/c]), respectively. Using the methods of classical histology, the migratory route of worms was characterized, and the impact of migration on host tissues and the host cell reactions were evaluated. Living schistosomula were recorded in the lungs of ducks 2-10 days post infection (p.i.) and in the lungs of mice 2-4 days p.i. In ducks, the schistosomula migrated from the blood vessels through the blood capillaries to the lung tissue; then, they entered free air space of the lungs. The infection resulted in inflammatory reaction with nodules composed of infiltrated lymphocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and macrophages. These structures were formed around the blood vessels and in the gas-exchange tissues of the parabronchial walls and, consequently, in the walls of secondary bronchi. An extensive inflammation of secondary bronchi and parabronchi was observed. In the lungs of mice, the parasites were localized extravascularly in the alveolar walls. No migratory pattern similar to that in the lungs of ducks was recorded. No specific inflammatory reaction occurred. However, alveolar wall congestion, edema and lymphocyte infiltrates appeared and, therefore, pathogenicity of T. szidati was also confirmed in the murine host.

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Final hosts and variability of Trichobilharzia regenti under natural conditions

et al. 2010

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In Europe, despite of intensive work on avian schistosomes in the past, only one representative of nasal schistosomes has been detected so far, Trichobilharzia regenti, a species that remained undescribed to the scientific community until 1998. Since then, however, T. regenti has gained a considerable attention, not only due to the induction of serious lesions concomitant with the migration of the schistosomulae through the central nervous system of their natural hosts (birds) but also due to their implication in cercarial dermatitis and their neurotrophic behaviour in mammals (mice, experimental) where the parasite migrate to the CNS. From 2001 to 2010, by a parasitic control of various potential final hosts (aquatic birds) living in natural condition in France and in Iceland, we detected T. regenti in six species: Anas platyrhynchos, Cygnus olor, Aythya fuligula, Aythya ferina, Mergus merganser and Anser anser. Although morphological features, mainly of eggs, showed some variations with the original description of the parasite, molecular analysis confirmed their membership to the T. regenti species. Nevertheless, specific molecular and morphological variations were especially observed for nasal parasite isolated from Anas clypeata. For this species, we discuss the possibility for this nasal schistosome to belong to a nasal Trichobilharzia species already described in Africa or even an undescribed nasal species.

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The severity of mouse pathologies caused by the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti in relation to host immune status

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

Trichobilharzia szidati: the lung phase of migration within avian and mammalian hosts

Final hosts and variability of Trichobilharzia regenti under natural conditions

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