The Seville Statement on Violence.

Adams, David B.; Barnett, S. A.; Bechtereva, N.P.; Carter, Bonnie F.; Delgado, Jose M. Rodriquez; Díaz, José Luis Sánchez; Eliasz, Andrzej; Genovés, Santiago; Ginsburg, Benson E.; Groebel, Jo; Ghosh, Samir-Kumar; Hinde, Robert A.; Leakey, Richard E.; Malasi, Taha M.; Ramirex, J. Martin; Zaragoza, Federico Mayor; Mendoza, Diana L.; Nandy, Ashis; Scott, John; Wahlstrom, Riitta

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.10.1167

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The lack of knowledge about the psychology of peace reinforces a faulty assumption that peace is precarious, unusual, short-lived, or fragile and that the true state of human affairs arises from deep-rooted urges for aggression, which sooner or later give rise to violence and war. Such assumptions contradict empirical evidence (Adams, Barnett, Bechtereva, & Carter, 1990; Ury, 1999) and also increase the probability of violence, because often, attempts to defend against assault are interpreted by adversaries as aggressive behaviors (Jervis, 1989; Winter & Cava, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peace psychology for a peaceful world.

Christie

Tint

Wagner

et al. 2008

American Psychologist

178

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Although the literature in peace psychology has been growing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and achieved. This article reviews the long history and broadening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships between positive and negative peace, structural and direct violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for grappling with humanity's most pressing problems in the coming decades.

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confidence: 99%

Peace psychology for a peaceful world.

Christie

Tint

Wagner

et al. 2008

American Psychologist

178

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“…This conclusion is partly based on observations indicating that many behavioural characteristics that humans appear to share with chimpanzees, such as intergroup violence, infanticide and patriarchal social relations, are culturally sensitive in humans but not in chimps (Sponsel 2010;Sussman 1999;Bock 1980). The coupling of homology judgments to developmental properties is evident in the Seville Statement of 1986 on the biology of human aggression, adopted by UNESCO and endorsed by more than a dozen scientific and professional associations (Adams and Buchanan 1990): [I]t is scientifically incorrect to say that we have inherited a tendency to make war from our animal ancestors…The fact that warfare has changed so radically over time indicates that it is a product of culture (First Proposition).…”

Section: Illustration: the Phylogeny Of Intergroup Violence In Homininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homology across inheritance systems

Powell

Shea

2014

Biol Philos

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One might think that if a character resemblance between two lineages is transmitted through different channels of inheritance -e.g., genes in one case and culture in the other -then it cannot be the result of common ancestry. The assumption that homologies cannot cross inheritance systems has framed anthropological debates regarding the phylogeny of complex cognitive and behavioural resemblances between humans and common chimpanzees, with differences in developmental acquisition taken to imply disparate phylogenetic origins (Maestripieri and Roney 2006; Marks 2003;Wrangham and Peterson 1996). In this paper we reject the assumption that any character resemblance that is culturally transmitted in one species but genetically transmitted in another closely related species is necessarily or even probably non-homologous between them.We argue that since homology relations can be preserved despite a change in developmental mechanisms ( §2), they could in principle be preserved across a change in inheritance system, even on a stringent account of what it takes to qualify as an inheritance system ( §3), so long as the trait has been continuously transmitted in a lineage. Then we turn to cultural transmission in particular, arguing that it can support phenotypic lineages and hence homology relations ( §4). We go on to describe two scenarios in which homology can cross between genetic and cultural inheritance systems (the processes of genetic and cultural assimilation) ( §5), and briefly consider whether our points carry over to developmental accounts of homology ( §6). Finally we set out the implications of this discussion for debates over the phylogeny of similar character states in humans and chimpanzees, using intergroup violence as an illustration ( §7). Homology Across Change in Developmental ResourcesReconstructing patterns of evolutionary descent has been one of the central preoccupations of biology ever since Darwin sketched the first proto-cladogram in his early notebooks. Identifying homologs is crucial to reconstructing phylogenetic relationships and delineating monophyletic taxa. On standard phylogenetic accounts of homology, a similar character state found in two different lineages is homologous just in case it was present in and inherited continuously from their common ancestor. 1 Here we adopt this 'taxic' homology concept. To 1 This paper does not take a stand on the general 'problem of homology.' Instead, we will simply stipulate that by 'homology' we mean 'taxic homology' which we define, broadly following Wiley and | P a g e 2 accommodate 'transformational homologs' (traits that correspond to, but fail to structurally resemble, one another), 'serial homologs' (e.g., digits or segments within an organism that do not share a phylogenetic history), and ancestor-descendant sequences, biologists and philosophers of science have offered non-genealogical accounts of homology grounded in mechanism and couched either in terms of shared developmental constraints or continuity of informational resources involved i...

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“…The Seville Statement on Violence (cf. Adams, Barnett, Bechtereva, & Carter, 1990) made it clear that although humans have the potential to make war, it is not biologically determined. Hence war making is not an immutable part of human nature, nor are wars inevitable .…”

Section: Principle 1: Biological Determinism Can Promote Violence And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some contributions of psychology to policies promoting cultures of peace.

Anderson¹,

Christie²

2001

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Psychologists have a long history of contributing to the development, implementation, advocacy, and evaluation of public policies, but not always in the interest of peace and social justice. This article advances 9 psychologically based principles to guide policy development and activism in the interest of peace and social justice. The principles include: debunking biological determinism as a cause of violence, war, and other problems that have substantial cultural and structural roots; reducing the wealth gap as a means of promoting human well-being; distinguishing conflict from violence and attaching inevitability only to the former; delegitimizing the use of violence at all levels of society; promoting nonviolent social action to redress injustices; stepping-up communication in the face of enmity; putting the struggle for social justice at the center of psychology; promoting equality between men and women; and emphasizing the prevention of violence over intervention.The United Nations (UN) General Assembly (1998) used the term Culture of Peace very broadly, referring to a set of "values, attitudes, and behaviors that reflect and inspire social interaction and sharing based on principles" (p.1) that promote nonviolence and social justice. A total of eight "keys" that comprise a Culture of Peace have been delineated by the United Nations Culture of Peace Programme: nonviolence, human rights, tolerance and solidarity, equality of women and men, sustainable development, democracy, free flow of information, and peace education.

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The Seville Statement on Violence.

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Peace psychology for a peaceful world.

Peace psychology for a peaceful world.

Homology across inheritance systems

Some contributions of psychology to policies promoting cultures of peace.

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