amilies provide an important-perhaps the most important-context for aging. Although many older adults do not live in families, very few have no family members. Families bring resources like time, money, goods, and services to their members. Families also bring demands, such as claims on time, money, goods, and services. Family members offer instrumental and emotional support, information, and connections, but also introduce con ict, criticism, demands, and occasionally unhealthy or unhelpful advice or examples. Families offer connections to others in a web of supports and demands. Aging families are most often dyads whose children have grown and departed, or single, widowed individuals. At the same time, social isolation-especially through the lack of a partner-is a reality for many aging individuals and has strong links with both physical and mental health.Aging is a story of change in individuals and families. It is also a story of loss: loss of physical and mental function, loss of family and friends, and loss of a spouse. These losses take place at different rates for different individuals and groups; people and families often adapt to losses with changes in their behavior or environment, making aging a complex and dynamic process. As we will show, the experience of aging is quite different for women than it is for men for a number of reasons. Racial and ethnic groups also tend to follow divergent paths during later adulthood.Families provide a key context in which health is produced and challenges to health are met. The health and well-being of each member depends on the health and well-being of the others, since the resources that family members command and the demands they make both depend on their health and functioning.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKWe de ne health broadly, focusing on well-being and functioning along with illness and disease. Health changes over the life course; evaluations and perceptions of health also change