The SHAMISEN Project: Challenging historical recommendations for preparedness, response and surveillance of health and well-being in case of nuclear accidents: Lessons learnt from Chernobyl and Fukushima

Ohba, Takayoshi; Liutsko, Liudmila; Schneider, Thierry; Barquinero, Joan Francesc; Croüail, Pascal; Fattibene, P.; Kesminiene, Ausrele; Laurier, Dominique; Sarukhan, Adélaïda; Skuterud, Lavrans; Tanigawa, Koichi; Tomkiv, Yevgeniya; Cardis, Elisabeth

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106200

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Calamities including exposure to radiological materials require technical planning and readiness to guarantee the health of first responders, the evacuation and clinical therapy of possibly contaminated casualties, and the management of the process of triage. Significant advances have been made throughout the most recent decade in public health and clinical planning intended to improve the response to an atomic explosion or a radiological episode [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

et al. 2022

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Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

et al. 2022

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“…To cope with this emergency, SHAMISEN (Nuclear Emergency Situations-Improvement of Medical and Health Surveillance) was founded in 2016 and its activities are still largely active today [50]. It is a project funded by the Open Project For European Radiation Research Area, that aims to develop recommendations for medical and health surveillance of populations affected by previous and future radioactive incidents based on lessons learned from past incidents, including the CNPP and FNPP incidents [50,52,53]. SHAMISEN recommendations state that: "The management of radiological incidents also raises important ethical questions.…”

Section: Current and Future Perspectives: Management In The Medical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most radiation protection actions, including health surveillance, are aimed at reducing the impacts of exposure to ionizing radiation, most of them lead to with it a multitude of direct and indirect consequences that can have a great impact on the well-being of the affected populations. Ethical considerations are also important for the design and implementation of health surveillance and epidemiological studies" [50,52,53]. In conclusion, given the purpose and current activity of SHAMISEN, it is currently, proving to be a useful tool to better manage future large-scale incidents with dispersion of ionizing radiation [52,53].…”

Section: Current and Future Perspectives: Management In The Medical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethical considerations are also important for the design and implementation of health surveillance and epidemiological studies" [50,52,53]. In conclusion, given the purpose and current activity of SHAMISEN, it is currently, proving to be a useful tool to better manage future large-scale incidents with dispersion of ionizing radiation [52,53]. Ensuring a precise, targeted, and fast intervention in the management of emergencies is the ultimate goal of decision makers.…”

Section: Current and Future Perspectives: Management In The Medical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Flora Ten Years after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Disaster

Ludovici

Chierici

Souza

et al. 2022

Plants

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The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of ionizing radiation and radionuclides (like 137Cs) in several higher plants located around the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), evaluating both their adaptive processes and evolution. After the FNPP accident in March 2011 much attention was focused to the biological consequences of ionizing radiation and radionuclides released in the area surrounding the nuclear plant. This unexpected mishap led to the emission of radionuclides in aerosol and gaseous forms from the power plant, which contaminated a large area, including wild forest, cities, farmlands, mountains, and the sea, causing serious problems. Large quantities of 131I, 137Cs, and 134Cs were detected in the fallout. People were evacuated but the flora continued to be affected by the radiation exposure and by the radioactive dusts’ fallout. The response of biota to FNPP irradiation was a complex interaction among radiation dose, dose rate, temporal and spatial variation, varying radiation sensitivities of the different plants’ species, and indirect effects from other events. The repeated ionizing radiations, acute or chronic, guarantee an adaptation of the plant species, demonstrating a radio-resistance. Consequently, ionizing radiation affects the genetic structure, especially during chronic irradiation, reducing genetic variability. This reduction is associated with the different susceptibility of plant species to chronic stress. This would confirm the adaptive theory associated with this phenomenon. The effects that ionizing radiation has on different life forms are examined in this review using the FNPP disaster as a case study focusing the attention ten years after the accident.

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“…Steady advances in nuclear technologies have led to the increasing modernization of the nuclear arsenals of many nations, driving an intensifying nuclear arms race and contributing to an increasingly tense global security situation [ 1 ]. Rates of nuclear accidents are also rising, leading to serious economic losses, casualties, and the pollution of local environments [ 2 ]. Radiation is additionally deployed as an antineoplastic treatment in many cancers in combination with chemotherapy and surgery, with over half of all cancer patients ultimately requiring some degree of radiotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Hydrogel-Based Materials for Radioprotection

Liu

Ding

et al. 2023

Gels

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Major causes of the radiation-induced disease include nuclear accidents, war-related nuclear explosions, and clinical radiotherapy. While certain radioprotective drug or bioactive compounds have been utilized to protect against radiation-induced damage in preclinical and clinical settings, these strategies are hampered by poor efficacy and limited utilization. Hydrogel-based materials are effective carriers capable of enhancing the bioavailability of compounds loaded therein. As they exhibit tunable performance and excellent biocompatibility, hydrogels represent promising tools for the design of novel radioprotective therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of common approaches to radioprotective hydrogel preparation, followed by a discussion of the pathogenesis of radiation-induced disease and the current states of research focused on using hydrogels to protect against these diseases. These findings ultimately provide a foundation for discussions of the challenges and future prospects associated with the use of radioprotective hydrogels.

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The SHAMISEN Project: Challenging historical recommendations for preparedness, response and surveillance of health and well-being in case of nuclear accidents: Lessons learnt from Chernobyl and Fukushima

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Flora Ten Years after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Disaster

The Use of Hydrogel-Based Materials for Radioprotection

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