The significance of markers in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer

Abstract

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers experienced by women throughout the world. It is also the most common malignancy within the female reproductive system, representing 37.7% of all disorders. The incidence increases with age, and is diagnosed most frequently in women between 45 and 65 years old. In the last few years, numerous studies have been performed to identify tumour biomarkers. Biomarkers include not only protein routinely used as tumour markers but also genes and chromosomes. The limiting factor in the use of markers in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer is their lack of specificity. However, specific markers for endometrial cancer are the subject of much research attention. Although moderately elevated levels of markers are present in a number of inflammatory or non-malignant diseases, significantly increased levels of markers indicate the development of cancer. Recently, research has been focused on the identification of molecular changes leading to different histological subtypes of endometrial cancer. In this paper the authors reviewed several currently investigated markers. Progress in these investigations is very important in the diagnostics and treatment of endometrial cancer. In particular, the identification of novel mutations and molecular profiles should enhance our ability to personalise adjuvant treatment with genome-guided targeted therapy.

Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Immunohistochemical Score Associated with Poor Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer Patients

“…The most used biomarker is circulating CA 125 but not only is the sensitivity unsatisfactory, especially in early tumor stage, but also its specificity is low. Nevertheless CA125 has no correlation with the prognosis of the patient [ 28 ].…”

The prognostic significance of preoperative serum cancer antigen 15-3 levels in endometrial carcinomas

“… 2 − 5 , 10 , 11 However, inconsistent results have been published and there is no consensus on whether serum tumor markers are of diagnostic or prognostic importance in EC. Studies examining serum CA15-3 levels in EC patients 2 - 5 , 12 , 15 were also found to be inconsistent.…”

The Comparative Effect of Combination of Metformin and Megestrol Acetate With Megestrol Acetate Alone on Endometrial Growth Disorders

“…It is being thought that severe military conflicts in Africa shorten the expected lifetime for more than 2 years. In general, WHO had calculated that 269 thousand people had died in 1999 due to the effect of wars and that loss of 8.44 million healthy years of life had occurred (2,3). Wars negatively affect the provision of health services.…”