The Significance of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Plasma

Dole, Vincent P.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1958.00260170161017

Cited by 89 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While the FFA represent a minute amount of total plasma lipid, they have an exceptionally rapid turnover rate (29)(30)(31)(32), and consequently may provide more calories than glucose (32). Thus, numerous studies show that FFA oxidation plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, and that glucose metabolism is rapidly modified by changes in the utilization of FFA (33)(34)(35). In the present study, the initial decrease in plasma FFA was essentially similar when 25 g of either maltose or glucose were given intravenously.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism of circulating maltose in man

Young¹,

Weser²

1971

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The utilization of circulating maltose was compared to that of glucose in six normal fasting subjects after intravenous injection of 25 g of either sugar. Blood samples were obtained over a 2 hr period and were assayed for free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, glucose, and total reducing substances. Urine was collected for 2 hr after maltose administration and assayed enzymatically for glucose and maltose. Blood glucose concentrations did not increase after maltose infusion, although a significant rise in total reducing substances was noted, indicating the presence of this disaccharide in the blood. Less than 3% of the administered maltose was excreted in the urine either as maltose or glucose. Initially, there was a fourfold increase in serum insulin concentration after glucose and a threefold increase after maltose infusion. Therefore, serum insulin concentrations gradually declined in a similar manner for both sugars. The plasma FFA at 15 min decreased 371 uEq/ liter after glucose and 338 uEq/liter after maltose infusion.In other studies, 10 g maltose containing 5 GCi maltose-U-"C were injected into five human subjects and expired C02 collected for 6 hr. Maximal "C02 specific activity was noted at 170 min and a mean of 61.1% of the injected radioactivity was recovered as "CO2. Less than 8% of the injected "C was excreted in the urine.These results indicate that maltose administered intravenously has similar metabolic effects when compared to glucose, and may be efficiently utilized as a carbohydrate substrate. The oxidation of intravenously administered maltose-U-"C to "CO2 demonstrates that circulating maltose is readily metabolized. A solution of maltose could provide twice the mass of sugar (and of calories) per milliliter as an equimolar solution of glucose. Parenterally administered maltose may be of clinical value and should be further studied.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism of circulating maltose in man

Young¹,

Weser²

1971

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Plasma FFA concentrations are directly related to its release from adipose tissue [9]. The turnover is exceedingly rapid with a halftime of 2 min.…”

Section: Free Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acids and the risk of death during acute myocardial ischaemia

Oliver

2014

Clinical Science

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Plasma free fatty acids (non-esterified fatty acids) increase in the first hour of the onset of acute myocardial ischaemia. This results from catecholamine stimulation of adipose tissue lipolysis. It can lead to a metabolic crisis in the injured myocardium with the development of ventricular arrhythmias and increased early mortality. Preconditioning, β-adrenergic blockade and glucose-insulin-potassium are possible therapeutic approaches, but anti-lipolytic agents, such as some nicotinic acid derivatives, can reduce plasma free fatty acid concentrations within minutes and have untried potential. A clinical trial of their effectiveness is needed from the first moment when a patient with an acute coronary syndrome is seen by paramedics.

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“…Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were obtained as described previously from this laboratory (11). Free fatty acid was determined by titration (12) and glycerol by an enzymatic assay (13). Prothrombin times were obtained by an automated assay (14).…”

Section: Veinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simplified single stage total hepatectomy in the rat with maintenance of gastrointestinal absorptive function

et al. 1989

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A technique is described to remove the entire liver in a single stage with preservation of intestinal absorptive function. An inverted V-shape polyethylene cannula, either heparin bonded or silicon coated, was inserted into the portal vein and inferior vena cava to maintain venous return from the splanchnic and lower caval regions of the anhepatic rat. Blood glucose fell at a rate of 7 to 11 mg per hr per total plasma volume (4% body weight), usually resulting in hypoglycemia within the initial 2 hr. Euglycemia could be maintained in the first 3 hr after hepatectomy with hourly intravenous infusions of 2.5 to 5 mg per 100 gm body weight of glucose. Larger infusions of glucose (10 to 12.5 mg per hr per 100 gm body weight) were necessary for normal levels at later times. A 0.5 gm per 100 gm rat weight intestinal glucose bolus restored euglycemia for at least a 2-hr interval. Intestinal absorption of cholesterol and oleic acid was demonstrated in the anhepatic rat, although the latter was not so efficiently absorbed as in the control. The plasma cholesterol decreased with time in the anhepatic rat. Prompt increases were observed in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations after hepatectomy. Progressive increases in both direct and indirect plasma bilirubin levels were noted after hepatectomy. With appropriate maintenance of blood sugar, survival of 36 hr was observed. This procedure for single stage total hepatectomy in the rat can be performed in less than 30 min. The model is particularly useful for studies of the influence of the liver on postabsorptive metabolism.

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The Significance of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Plasma

Cited by 89 publications

References 22 publications

The metabolism of circulating maltose in man

The metabolism of circulating maltose in man

Fatty acids and the risk of death during acute myocardial ischaemia

A simplified single stage total hepatectomy in the rat with maintenance of gastrointestinal absorptive function

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