The silk-producing system ofLinyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and some comparisons with Araneidae

Peters, Hans; Kovoor, Jacqueline

doi:10.1007/bf01632706

Cited by 49 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The anatomical and fine structural characteristics of the capture-thread producing apparatus in this venomous spider are also similar to those of other araneid spiders (Kovoor, 1987;Kim, 1988, 1990;Peters and Kovoor, 1991). This spider also possesses well-developed functional unit known as a "triad" structure (Peters, 1987), which is composed of two aggregate and one flagelliform glands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…According to the morphological characteristics of the spider silk glands, as well as spinnerets (Coddington, 1986), the spinning apparatus in Latrodectus species corresponds to those of other araneid patterns reported by Tillinghast and Townley (1986), , Kovoor (1987), and Peters and Kovoor (1991). Two major ampullate glands and about 50 pairs of pyriform glands are associated with the anterior spinnerets, two minor ampullate glands, two tubuliforms, and about 150 pairs of aciniforms are associated with the median spinnerets, and four tubuliform glands, a pair of triads, and over 100 pairs of aciniform glands are associated with the posterior spinnerets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This spider also possesses well-developed functional unit known as a "triad" structure (Peters, 1987), which is composed of two aggregate and one flagelliform glands. They open on each posterior spinneret and are also used for spinning the sticky spirals of capture thread like a orb-weaving spiders (Moon and Kim, 1990;Peters and Kovoor, 1991). Moreover, the principal fibers used in constructing the egg case are also products of the tubuliform (-cylindrical) glands, which are present only in female of an araneid spider.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fine structural analysis of secretory silk production in the black widow spider,Latrodectus mactans

Moon¹,

Townley²,

Tillinghast³

1998

Korean Journal of Biological Sciences

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fine structural analysis of secretory silk production in the black widow spider,Latrodectus mactans

Moon¹,

Townley²,

Tillinghast³

1998

Korean Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Minor ampullate silk is so named because the structure of its gland resembles a smaller version of the major ampullate silk. Orb web spiders (Araneidae) possess a single pair of minor ampullate glands on their posterior median spinnerets (Peters & Kovoor, 1991;Townley et al, 1991) that produce a type of thread, which is sometimes added to major ampullate draglines (Coddington, 1989). These threads are also added to major ampullate draglines by S. senoculata spiders when making their signal threads.…”

Section: Silk Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most families these glands are composed of two categories of tall secretory cells, each occupying the distal or proximal glandular region, which may be more or less extended (Richter, 1970;Kovoor, 1987;Peters & Kovoor, 1991). Glandulae aciniformes, together with Glandulae piriformes represent two different categories of spinning glands, which conserve the primitive acinous morphology and small size (Kovoor, 1987).…”

Section: Glandulae Aciniformesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinnerets and silk-producing system of Segestria senoculata (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Segestriidae)

Karschová

Hajer

2016

J Entomol Acarol Res

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The spinning apparatus and silk of Segestria senoculata were studied with the use of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, which confirmed the presence of four categories of spigots connected with four types of spinning glands (i.e., Glandulae ampullaceae major, Glandulae ampullaceae minor, Glandulae piriformes and Glandulae pseudaciniformes). New data about the morphology of spinnerets and spigots were obtained for both the adults and nymphal stages of both sexes. For the first time the silken threads of retreats, signal threads and attachment discs of the members of Segestria were subjected to a detailed SEM study. The data resulting from studying the spinning apparatus of S. senoculata was compared to current knowledge of the silk producing systems of families belonging to the Dysderoidea superfamily. Silks that are emitted from spigots in the course of retreat construction are not (similarly to the other dysderoids) processed by the spider's legs during the subsequent process of hardening. Apart from the major ampullate glands/spigots, segestriids also possess developed minor ampullate glands. Minor ampullate threads are used by S. senoculata spiders when making their signal threads.

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Egg sac silk of Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)

Hajer¹,

Malý²,

Hrubá

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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Cocoons of Theridiosoma gemmosum consist of two main parts, the egg sac case and the stalk. The inner space of the egg sac case is filled with nonsticky flocculent silk. Measuring 600-800 nm in diameter, the flocculent threads are never made up of bundles of longitudinally oriented nanofibrils. The egg case wall consists of a lower layer of highly ordered threads and an upper layer of cover silk. The lower, permanently white layer consists of threads in a mesh-like arrangement, the thicker threads being 4-6 microm and the thinner threads being 2-3 microm in diameter. Each thread is a bundle of parallel nanofibrils, with a diameter between 150 and 300 nm. The silk secretions of these fibers, emitted from spigots, are processed by legs. The upper layer of the egg case is applied to the threads of the lower layer by direct rubbing against its surface, i.e. without the use of legs. In the lower and middle part of the egg case, the accumulated secretion forms a virtually compact encrustation, whereas in the upper, conically shaped, part of the egg case where it becomes the stalk, this secretion becomes substantially scarcer. The stalk is a continuation of the egg case, its proximal part made of fibers similar to those forming the inner layer of the egg case wall. The distal part of the stalk continues towards the suspension area either as a compact bundle of parallel fibers, or the stalk forks into two bundles of roughly the same thickness, which continue towards the suspension area separately. On the surface of objects onto which cocoons are attached, the secretion of the piriform glands acts as an adhesive sheet.

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The silk-producing system ofLinyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and some comparisons with Araneidae

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Fine structural analysis of secretory silk production in the black widow spider,Latrodectus mactans

Fine structural analysis of secretory silk production in the black widow spider,Latrodectus mactans

Spinnerets and silk-producing system of Segestria senoculata (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Segestriidae)

Egg sac silk of Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)

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