The situation of sanitary systems in rural areas in the Miyun catchment, China

Kröger, Christina; Xu, Aidong; Shuhuai, Duan; Zhang, B.; Eckstädt, Hartmut; Meißner, Ralph

doi:10.2166/wst.2012.296

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In view of water shortage, both in Poland and worldwide, the retention of water becomes particularly important. Similar to other countries, dam reservoirs in Poland are built in order to control the fl ow of water, limit the fl ood risk, generate hydropower, enable navigation, fi shing, aquaculture, recreation and supply water for public use and irrigation (Braatne et al 2008, Castilla-Hernández et al 2014, De Melo et al 2017, Kröger et al 2013, Ling et al 2016, Mazur et al 2017, Varol et al 2012, Wei et al 2009, Wiatkowski and Paul 2009, Zhao et al2018. Despite numerous confl icts, a reservoir can be operated quite smoothly, provided that some basic conditions are met (Wiatkowski 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Environmental Protection

Wiatkowski¹,

Wiatkowska²

2019

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Multidimensional exploratory techniques, such as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been used to analyze long-term changes in the fl ow regime and quality of water of the lowland dam reservoir Turawa (south-west Poland) in the catchment of the Mała Panew river (a tributary of the Odra). The paper proves that during the period of 1998-2016 the Turawa reservoir was equalizing the river's water fl ow. Moreover, various physicochemical water quality indicators were analyzed at three measurement points (at the tributary's mouth into the reservoir, in the reservoir itself and at the outfl ow from the reservoir). The water quality assessment was performed by analyzing physicochemical indicators such as water temperature, TSS, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD 5 , NH 4 + , NO 3 -, NO 2 -, N, PO 4 3-, P, electrolytic conductivity, DS, SO 4 2and Cl -. Furthermore, the correlations between all these water quality indicators were analyzed statistically at each measurement point, at the statistical signifi cance level of p ≤ 0.05. PCA was used to determine the structures between these water quality variables at each measurement point. As a result, a theoretical model was obtained that describes the regularities in the relationships between the indicators. PCA has shown that biogenic indicators have the strongest infl uence on the water quality in the Mała Panew. Lastly, the differences between the averages of the water quality indicators of the infl owing and of the outfl owing water were considered and their signifi cance was analyzed. PCA unveiled structure and complexity of interconnections between river fl ow and water quality. The paper shows that such statistical methods can be valuable tools for developing suitable water management strategies for the catchment and the reservoir itself.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Environmental Protection

Wiatkowski¹,

Wiatkowska²

2019

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“…Decision support will be ensured by different simulations considering a selection of mitigation options in order to optimize future management in the catchment area. Point sources and pathways of waste-water were analyzed by an additional partner from the University of Rostock (Kröger et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web GIS-based simulation of water fluxes in the Miyun catchment area

Gebel¹,

Meißner²,

Halbfass³

et al. 2014

iForest

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Change of land use and agricultural management, combined with severe droughts during the last two decades, are the main reasons for a strong decrease of water quality and quantity in the Miyun reservoir (China). Due to semi-arid monsoon climate, episodic water fluxes have to be considered adequately in an integrated water resources management in the total catchment area. To get insight into runoff generation processes, sediment and nutrient source areas and transfer dynamics, a monitoring approach was established in the Miyun catchment area spanning from plot measurements with weighable gravitation lysimeters and in situ measurements to a subcatchment scale of approx. 10 km 2 . One of these subcatchments (Sheyuchuan) was selected to adapt the methodologies to the regional runoff pattern using the web GIS-based modeling tool STOFFBILANZ. Calibration of the daily runoff modeling is based on the lysimeter observations from Shixia station and runoff observations in Sheyuchuan subcatchment for the reference year 2011. Despite the fact that the climatic water balance in the region is negative, the precipitation event on 24 July 2011 with a rainfall of 107 mm caused a significant leachate at the lysimeter. The daily modeling for the lysimeter core by the FAO-ETc-adj approach showed a similar deep percolation and a similar distribution of evapotranspiration for the year considered. In the next step, the calibrated model was applied to the subcatchment Sheyuchuan to compare the results of direct runoff and groundwater runoff (deep percolation) with the runoff observations at the weir. Deep percolation was extremely small (1.7 mm yr -1 ), and direct runoff was 26.9 mm yr -1 in 2011. In comparison to the monitoring results at the weir, a disagreement in the quantity of runoff was found between the observation on the one hand and the simulation on the other hand, which can be explained by water storage in reservoirs for irrigation purposes. Additionally, the water fluxes in the total catchment area were simulated at meso-scale, obtaining a good correlation with observed values.Keywords: Bottom-up, Direct Runoff, Lysimeter, Meso-Scale, Miyun, Model, Percolation a grid with variable cell size (125 × 125 m up to 500 × 500 m; approx. 366 000 grid cells) by using a QUADTREE procedure (Fig. 1). Cropland as well as residential areas got the highest resolution in order to optimize the indication of critical source areas.The major part of the Miyun catchment area is mountainous with steep inclinations with elevation ranging from 60 to 2200 m a.s.l. Annual average precipitation in the sub-humid continental monsoon climate is lower than 500 mm yr -1 and occurs mainly in summer, whereas winter and spring are extremely dry (Chen et al. 2010). Precipitation increases from east to west, annual average temperature increases from south-east to north-west, ranging from 6.3 to 10.9 °C. Land cover is dominated by rocky mountain forest (54.8%) with a smooth transition to shrubbery, heath and dry grassland (31.5%). Cropland (10.7%) can be foun...

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