“…Additionally, indications exist that iloprost counteracts pathologically increased expression of adhesion molecules, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and endothelin-1. With a view to smooth muscle cells an anti-proliferative effect of iloprost in arterial vessels could be demonstrated [3,4]. A further prostanoid, alprostadil (PGE 1 ), which has a similar pharmacodynamic profile, is available in Germany but with regard to regulatory status is licensed for peripheral occlusive arterial disease in stage III and IV.…”