The Skin as a Route of Allergen Exposure: Part I. Immune Components and Mechanisms

Smith, Anderson D.; Knaysi, George; Wilson, Jeffrey M.; Wisniewski, Julia

doi:10.1007/s11882-017-0674-5

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The skin might be an important route of allergen exposure, 35 especially in the case of skin barrier disruption, 36 and significant increases in the numbers of basophils were previously observed 6 hours after intradermal injection of allergen, 37 or, in patch-test skin sites, for house dust mite allergen. 38 Furthermore, basophil infiltration into skin lesions seems to be more common than previously thought, indicating that they may play important roles in a variety of inflammatory skin diseases.…”

Section: Skinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions

Korošec

Gibbs

Rijavec

et al. 2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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SummaryIgE‐mediated allergic reactions involve the activation of effector cells, predominantly through the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils. Although the mast cell is considered the major effector cell during acute allergic reactions, more recent studies indicate a potentially important and specific role for basophils and their migration which occurs rapidly upon allergen challenge in humans undergoing anaphylaxis. We review the evidence for a role of basophils in contributing to clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis and discuss the possibility that basophil trafficking during anaphylaxis might be a pathogenic (to target organs) or protective (preventing degranulation in circulation) response. Finally, we examine the potential role of basophils in asthma exacerbations. Understanding the factors that regulate basophil trafficking and activation might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in anaphylaxis and asthma.

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Section: Skinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions

Korošec

Gibbs

Rijavec

et al. 2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…In addition, there is evidence that the skin route can promote allergen tolerance in undisrupted skin. 26,27 However, the relationship between allergen exposure, sensitization, and allergy is likely much more complex than previously assumed. 28 For example, in a recent review on risk factors for asthma, data supporting the hypothesis of sensitization and exposure to allergens as a major risk factor for the development of asthma were classified as inconsistent.…”

Section: Aeroallergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93,94 Animal studies support the hypothesis that aberrations in the gut and skin microbiome might represent a mediator in allergy development. 27,95 Exposure to gut microbial diversity confers protection against allergic sensitization and allergy. 95 Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus below the epidermis was associated with AD development, suggesting a potentially functional role for these organisms in the regulation of skin barrier and response to environmental allergens.…”

Section: The Biodiversity Hypothesis and Role Of The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

External exposome and allergic respiratory and skin diseases

Cecchi

D’Amato²,

Annesi‐Maesano

2018

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

165

141

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Allergies are complex diseases that result from interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, the increase in allergies observed in the past decades is explained exclusively by environmental changes occurring in the same period. Presently, the exposome, the totality of specific and nonspecific external environmental exposures (external exposome) to which a subject is exposed from preconception onward and their consequences at the organ and cell levels (internal exposome), is being considered to explain the inception, development, and exacerbations of allergic diseases. Among the best-studied environmental factors of the specific external exposome, indoor and outdoor aeroallergens and air pollutants play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of the inflammatory response to allergens and in clinical manifestations of allergic disease. Climate change, urbanization, and loss of biodiversity affect sources, emissions, and concentrations of main aeroallergens and air pollutants and are among the most critical challenges facing the health and quality of life of the still increasing number of allergic patients today and in the coming decades. Thunderstorm-related asthma is a dramatic example of the effects of combined environmental factors and an in vivo model for understanding the mechanisms at work in respiratory allergy. Environment- or lifestyle-driven aberrancies in the gut and skin microbiome composition represent key mediators of allergic diseases. A better knowledge of the effect of the external exposome on allergy development is crucial for urging patients, health professionals, and policymakers to take actions to mitigate the effect of environmental changes and to adapt to them.

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“…В норме эпидермис состоит из слоя белков и липидов, обеспечивая физический и функциональный барьер для человеческого организма, а его дефекты играют важную роль в развитии АтД [7,8].…”

Section: структурно-функциональные и иммунологические особенности кожunclassified

Modern approaches to external therapy of sensitive skin area in atopic dermatitis in children: focus on topical calcineurin inhibitors

Саверская

2019

Medicinskij sovet

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Due to high prevalence in the pediatric population, chronic recurrent course and difficulties in choosing the local therapy, atopic dermatitis is an urgent problem for pediatricians, dermatologists and allergists. The review presents data on the prevalence and features of the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in various age periods. The authors consider structural, functional and immunological features of the skin barrier are considered in detail under normal and under pathological conditions. They emphasize the problems of quality of life, compliance and steroidophobia of patients with atopic dermatitis. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sensitive skin, the definition of this concept and the localization of sensitive skin area on the surface of the body. The article describes approaches to the method of choosing external therapy according to the European guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in 2018. It presents a modern practical algorithm for prescribing local anti-inflammatory drugs (topical glucocorticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors) taking into account the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease and the areas of application (sensitive skin areas/other parts of the body). The authors provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors, in particular pimecrolimus, in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate severity of atopic dermatitis, especially in sensitive skin areas.

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The Skin as a Route of Allergen Exposure: Part I. Immune Components and Mechanisms

Cited by 26 publications

References 101 publications

Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions

Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions

External exposome and allergic respiratory and skin diseases

Modern approaches to external therapy of sensitive skin area in atopic dermatitis in children: focus on topical calcineurin inhibitors

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