The Skin-Layer Ocean Heat Flux Instrument (SOHFI). Part II: Field Measurements of Surface Heat Flux and Solar Irradiance

Sromovsky, Lawrence A.; Anderson, John R.; Best, F. A.; Boyle, J. P.; Sisko, C. A.; Suomi, V. E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1239:tslohf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This device was designed to measure net heat transfer between the atmosphere and ocean (Suomi et al 1996) by placement of a thin sensor within the aqueous thermal conductive sublayer. Sromovsky et al (1999b) indicate the considerable scatter between SOHFI-measured fluxes, and those calculated using standard techniques were likely due to problems with test conditions. Development included laboratory characterization (Sromovsky et al 1999a), as well as a combination of freshwater and ocean field tests (Sromovsky et al 1999b).…”

Section: Instrument Development Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The advantages of this technique are its direct sensing at the ocean surface, its low cost, and its simple operation. Based on these deployments, Sromovsky et al (1999b) conclude that the "results so far are not definitive with respect to either the accuracy of the measurement, or the operating limits of the system. During the freshwater field tests, reference data for the intercomparison were collected at sites located 5-7 km from the SOHFI sensors.…”

Section: Instrument Development Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the sensor float and fluxplate design is available in Sromovsky et al (1999a). A brief review of the second-generation "Greenland Sea" design used in all measurements reported herein is provided below.…”

Section: A Sensor Float and Flux Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 in Sromovsky et al 1999a). The thermopile consists of forty 5.1-m-thick edge-bonded chromel-constantan junctions in series; sequential junctions alternate on the top and bottom of the thermal resistor (see Fig.…”

Section: A Sensor Float and Flux Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sromovsky et al (1999a) report a nominal value of the calibration coefficient for this flux-plate design as 0.187 V W Ϫ1 m 2 at 21.1°C, with a tolerance of Ϯ0.007 V W Ϫ1 m 2 . The Seebeck coefficient has a slight temperature dependence; therefore, flux-plate measurements require a temperature correction [ f(T )].…”

Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

Boyle

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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This paper describes results from two field programs that support development of a wave-following surface contact multisensor float (MSF) designed to simultaneously measure net surface heat flux, net solar irradiance, and water temperature. The results reported herein compare measurements from a secondgeneration design (circa 1998) against directly measured radiative fluxes as well as turbulent fluxes derived using both eddy correlation and bulk aerodynamic methods. The reference flux data are collected using instrumented towers, buoys, and research vessels. Comparisons show that MSF net surface fluxes and net solar irradiance are in generally good agreement with values that are measured or derived using standard instruments and methods, having root-mean-square differences less than approximately 15%. MSF nearsurface bulk water temperature measurement shows good agreement with similar measurements from a drifting buoy. MSF measurement of water surface temperature is not definitively determined, although results suggest it may be a good measure of skin temperature at night.MSF flux measurement occurs from within the aqueous conductive sublayer and so does not use turbulence models or parameterizations. At this time, results are most reliable in low wind conditions (2 m s Ϫ1 Յ U 10 Յ 7 m s Ϫ1 ) and relatively calm seas. In higher winds and more active seas, the imperfect surface drifting and wave-following characteristics of the second-generation system limit its performance. More fundamentally, perturbation to the aqueous conductive sublayer and modification of near-surface turbulence structure by the MSF may also limit flux measurement accuracy under certain conditions.

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Section: Instrument Development Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Instrument Development Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sensor Float and Flux Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sensor Float and Flux Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

Boyle

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

et al. 2014

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The recently formulated maximum entropy production (MEP) model over land surfaces has been generalized to water-snow-ice surfaces. Analytical solutions of energy budget in terms of the partition of surface radiative fluxes into (turbulent and/or conductive) heat fluxes at the earth-atmosphere interface are derived as functions of surface temperature (e.g., sea surface temperature). The MEP model does not require data of wind speed, air temperature-humidity, and surface roughness. Test of the MEP model using observations from several field experiments is encouraging. Potential applications of the proposed model for understanding long-term trends in surface heat fluxes and for closing global surface energy budget at the Earth's atmosphere are suggested.

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Measurement of Net Ocean Surface Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance and Near-Surface Temperature using a Novel Surface Contact Lagrangian Buoy

2006

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The Skin-Layer Ocean Heat Flux Instrument (SOHFI). Part II: Field Measurements of Surface Heat Flux and Solar Irradiance

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

Measurement of Net Ocean Surface Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance and Near-Surface Temperature using a Novel Surface Contact Lagrangian Buoy

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