Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

Boyle, J. P.

doi:10.1175/jtech1898.1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Figure compares the MEP model predicted E and H (in broken red), according to equations and using the observed R n and T s , with the fluxes data (in solid blue) for Lake Råksjö. Conductive layer of cool skin is expected to prevail during this period of time as wind speed (Figure a) was significantly weaker than 15 m s −1 threshold [e.g., Boyle , ]. Figure shows that the MEP‐modeled fluxes agree with the data qualitatively.…”

Section: Model Testmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Since heat transfer near a material surface is due to either molecular or turbulent diffusion, the corresponding thermal inertia parameters need to be parameterized accordingly. Previous observational studies [e.g., Khundzhua et al , ] have confirmed that under common meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed <15m s −1 [e.g., Boyle , ]), a thin water layer referred to as cool skin exists next to the water‐atmosphere interface where heat transfer is through thermal conduction [ Fairall et al , ]. In this study, the MEP model is formulated for the case of cool skin so that the corresponding thermal inertia parameter only depends on the physical property of (still) liquid water.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Direct measurements of Q are much more difficult than those of E and H over the water‐snow‐ice surfaces. We are aware of only one experimental technology for directly measuring Q over water surfaces [ Sromovsky et al , , ; Boyle , ], which, to our knowledge, has not been deployed in field experiments. Snow heat flux can be measured using soil heat flux sensors as those deployed during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment.…”

Section: Model Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

et al. 2014

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The recently formulated maximum entropy production (MEP) model over land surfaces has been generalized to water-snow-ice surfaces. Analytical solutions of energy budget in terms of the partition of surface radiative fluxes into (turbulent and/or conductive) heat fluxes at the earth-atmosphere interface are derived as functions of surface temperature (e.g., sea surface temperature). The MEP model does not require data of wind speed, air temperature-humidity, and surface roughness. Test of the MEP model using observations from several field experiments is encouraging. Potential applications of the proposed model for understanding long-term trends in surface heat fluxes and for closing global surface energy budget at the Earth's atmosphere are suggested.

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Section: Model Testmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Model Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

et al. 2014

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“…The skin temperature is usually lower than the bulk water temperature because the bodies of water lose energy at the surface layer, a thin layer with a thickness of the order of several millimetres. According to Boyle (2007), DT generally lies between (0.28C and Â (18C, but it has been recorded below (28C (e.g. Garrett et al, 2001;Harris and Kotamarthi, 2005).…”

Section: Measurements Meteorological Conditions and Water Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the lake model FLake over a coastal lagoon during the THAUMEX field campaign

Moigne¹,

Legain²,

Lagarde³

et al. 2013

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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A B S T R A C T The THAUMEX measurement campaign, carried out during the summer of 2011 in Thau, a coastal lagoon in southern France, focused on episodes of marine breezes. During the campaign, three intensive observation periods (IOPs) were conducted and a large amount of data were collected. Subsequently, standalone modelling using the FLake lake model was used, first to assess the surface temperature and the surface energy balance, and second to determine the energy budget of the water column at the measurement site. Surface fluxes were validated against in situ measurements, and it was determined that heat exchanges are dominated by evaporation. We also demonstrated that the model was sensitive to the light extinction coefficient at Thau, due to its shallowness and clarity nature. A heat balance was calculated, and the inclusion of a radiative temperature has improved it, especially by reducing the nocturnal evaporation. The FLake lake model was then evaluated in three-dimensional numerical simulations performed with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, in order to assess the changing structure of the boundary layer above the lagoon during the IOPs more accurately. We highlighted the first time ever when Meso-NH and FLake were coupled and proved the ability of the coupled system to forecast a complex phenomenon but also the importance of the use of the FLake model was pointed out. We demonstrated the impact of the lagoon and more precisely the Lido, a sandy strip of land between the lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea, on the vertical distribution of turbulent kinetic energy, evidence of the turbulence induced by the breeze. This study showed the complementarities between standalone and coupled simulations.

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“…Note that I s the thermal inertia of bulk medium, a physical property of the medium material. For water‐body, I s either a material property of liquid water when a “cool skin” exists on the top of water surface (Boyle, 2007) under weak to moderate wind. Under the condition of strong wind, material property α in I s replaced by an eddy‐diffusivity to characterize the effect of turbulence on heat transfer in the water boundary layer, for example, (Cronin et al., 2015).…”

Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamics of Surface Temperature Forced by Solar Radiation

Jing

Wang

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Surface temperature of the earth plays a uniquely important role in solar radiation energy entering the Earth system through the surface energy balance, that is, the partition of solar radiation into long-wave radiation and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes into the atmosphere and the earth. A fundamental physical principle governing the dynamics of surface temperature is the conservation of energy represented by the energy balance equation linking radiation and conductive/turbulent heat fluxes at the earth-atmosphere interface (Huang et al., 2017). Surface temperature and heat fluxes are commonly related through the temperature gradient-flux relationships that couple the surface temperature and fluxes to the temperature and heat fluxes of the interior atmosphere and earth. Prediction and simulation of surface temperature by solving partial differential equations describing the earth-atmosphere interaction processes are mathematically challenging and computationally costly in addition to the long-standing difficulty in physical parameterization of the turbulence of the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer.Previous studies have revealed other fundamental physical principles underlying the dynamics of surface temperature than the conservation law. For example, surface temperature (and soil wetness) evolves in such a way that evapotranspiration (ET) over the land surface is maximized under the constraint of radiation energy supply (J. Wang et al., , 2007. The maximum principles of ET lay a theoretical foundation for a new dynamics of surface temperature (and the associated surface heat fluxes) without explicitly referring to the atmospheric and below-ground temperature distribution. The non-parametric expression of the maximum principles of ET opens the possibility of a general dynamic equation of surface temperature without specifying the parameterization of conductive and turbulent heat fluxes. The non-gradient formula of heat fluxes (

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Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

Evaluation of the lake model FLake over a coastal lagoon during the THAUMEX field campaign

A Dynamics of Surface Temperature Forced by Solar Radiation

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