The skin, sweat glands and hair follicles of the camel (camelus dromedarius)

Lee, Donald G.; Schmidt‐Nielsen, Knut

doi:10.1002/ar.1091430107

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is quite similar to the findings of Dowling and Nay (1962), although Lee and Schmidt -Nielsen (1962) saw only low columnar cells. Whereas in most species of Bovidae the lining of the secretory tubule of the sweat gland was of cuboidal cells, in cattle and wild beast the lining was of flat cells (Jenkinson and Nay 1975).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Lee and Schmidt-Nielsen (1962) could not determine whether the glands in the camel were of the classical apocrine type; their specimens did not show any example of low cuboidal epithelium or of a distinct well developed apical protrusions. Nevertheless, Lee and Schmidt-Nielsen thought that the presence of secretory granules in the apices of the cells and the bleb-like protrusions on these cells might indicate the possibility of apocrine secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sweat Glands of the Dromedary Camel

Taha¹,

Abdalla²

1980

Acta Vet. Brno

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Taha A. A. M., A. B. Abdalla: Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sweat Glands of the Dromedary C_I. Acta vet. Bmo, 49,1980: 31-35. A light and electron microscopic study was made on the sweat glands of the dromedary camel using 42 experimental animals. The glands were present in all the regions studied except the lips, extemal nares and perianal region. The secretory tubule was made up of columnar, cuboidal or, sometimes, fiat epithelium. No glycogen was detected in the gland. Cell organelles were few but mitochondria were numerous. There was no evidence that the gland was of the classical apocrine type. Body regions, secretory cells, organelles.Only few studies have as yet been made on the structure of the sweat glands of the dromedary camel. Dowling and Nay (1962) stated that the secretory cells of the sweat glands of the camel were cuboidal to columnar. Lea and Schmidt-Nielsen (1962) studied 23 regions of the skin of two Saharan camels. Their findings indicated that the sweat glands were present in all the skin areas studied with the exception of the lips, extemal nares and the perianal region. The secretory cells were of the low columnar type.On the other hand numerous studies have been made on the structure of the sweat glands in other mammals. With the light microscope the sweat glands have been studied in the horse (Takagi and Tagawa 1959), dog (Takahara and Kato 1965), cattle (Hafez, Badreldin and Shafei J955; Goldsberry and Calhoun 1959;Nay 1959;Jenkinson and Nay 1975), water buffalo (Prusty 197,1, 1973;Jenkinson and Nay 1975) and goat and sheep Genkinson and Nay 1975). The ultrastructure of the sweat glands has been studied in cattle (prasad 1973). It is now generally held that the sweat glands of mammals are of the classical apocrine type.The present investigation is intended to throw more light on the histology of the sweat glands of the camel. Moreover, it is clear that there has so far been no ultrastructural study of the glands of this animal. Materials and MethodsMaterial for this study was collected from Tambul camel market, about 120 kilometres to the South of Khartoum. Forty-two adult camels were used, of which 15 were males and 27 females.For the study of the distribution and histology of the glands, pieces of the skin were taken from 33 regions of the body (Table 1) immediately after the animal was killed. The tissue was fixed in 10 % formol saline, Bouin's or Lavdowsky's fixative, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in Cedarwood oil and embedded in paraffin.. Sections, 8-:10 pm thick, were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Selected sections (Table 1) were stained with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent (P. A. S.) for glycogen, with or without prior treatment with malt diastase.For electron microscopy pieces of the skin were taken from the left lateral aspect of the neck of two adult females. The tissue was fixed by immersion in 3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) with sucrose. After 24 hours the tissue was thoroughly washed in the buffer, post-fixed for two hours...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sweat Glands of the Dromedary Camel

Taha¹,

Abdalla²

1980

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Thus, the glands appeared to be modi fied sweat glands which was in full agreement with the view of Richardy [cited by Curasson, 1947], Further, encapsulated glandular masses and histological appearance confirmed the classification as compound tubulo-alveolar glands, suggested by Piiroliit and Singh [1958] and Lee andSchmidt-Nielsen [1962], Schaffer's [1924] classification of the sweat glands in mammals was reviewed by Jenkinson [1967] who classified them into two functional types, apocrine and eccrine. The apocrine glands develop from the hair anlage, always are associated with the hair follicle and exhibit 'merobiotic' and simple secretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The histological appearance of the glan dular epithelium and the interposition of the myoepithelial cells between glandular epi thelium and basement membrane observed in the poll glands were similar to that of the sweat glands in man [Montagna et ah, 1953: Hihbs, 1958Garren, 1965: Bloom andFawcett, 1968] and in the camels [Lee and Schmidt-Nielsen, 1962]. Thus, the glands appeared to be modi fied sweat glands which was in full agreement with the view of Richardy [cited by Curasson, 1947], Further, encapsulated glandular masses and histological appearance confirmed the classification as compound tubulo-alveolar glands, suggested by Piiroliit and Singh [1958] and Lee andSchmidt-Nielsen [1962], Schaffer's [1924] classification of the sweat glands in mammals was reviewed by Jenkinson [1967] who classified them into two functional types, apocrine and eccrine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Anatomical, histological and histochemical observations and changes in the poll glands of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Singh¹,

Bharadwaj²

1978

Cells Tissues Organs

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This study deals with the anatomical, histological and histochemical observations and the changes in the poll glands due to age, seasonal variations and castration. The male camels had two poll glands, one on either side of the mid-line of the poll region. The glands were present in the male camels at birth, while no visible glands were observed in the she-camels at any age. The weight and dimensions of the glands increased with age in the uncastrated camels, but the glands regressed after castration. The active glands were compound tubulo-alveolar glands. The tubules and alveoli were lined by simple squamous to high cuboidal epithelium depending on the secretory stages. The mild PAS-reactive apical blebs of the secretory cells were also positive for acid mucopolysaccharides and alkaline phosphatase. The myoepithelial cells around the alveoli and small ducts were PAS-negative. The intralobular ducts were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the initial portion of the excretory duct abruptly changed into the stratified squamous epithelium which continued with the cutaneous epithelium of the skin. The ducts opened into the neck of the hair follicles above the level of the sebaceous ducts. The glands appeared to be modified apocrine sweat glands in the histological appearance. The interglandular connective tissue was reduced to thin strands during the winter months while, comparatively, in the summer months, the connective tissue increased. During the winter months of December to March the pungent coffee-coloured secretion from the glands was most profusing in those camels who were apparently in rut. The tubules and alveoli in such glands were lined by high cuboidal cells with apical blebs. During the summer months, the secretion was scanty except in severe exercises, and the glandular epithelium varied from simple squamous to low cuboidal.

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“…The glands derive their name from their position in the poll region and are active only during the rutting season [Purohit and Singh, 1958;Lee and Schmidt-Nielsen, 1962;Taha, 1978]. The active glands give a yellowish watery secretion 44 TINGARI, MONIEM AND KfNZEL with a characteristic offensive odour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsrvations on the Fine structure of the Testicular Interstitial Cells in the Camel (Camelus Dromedarious)

1979

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Testicular interstitial cells of the camel are polygonal in shape with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) occurring as a network of tubules. Elements of a welldeveloped Golgi complex are seen in many parts of the cytoplasm. There is a moderate number of mitochondria with predominantly lamellar cristae and dense intramitochondrial granules. Lipid droplets vary in size and number from cell to cell. Lysosomal bodies are commonly encountered in the cytoplasm. Other cytoplasmic constituents include microfilaments, peroxisomes, a few pathches of rough endoplasmic reticulum and occasional glycogen particles. The functional significance of these observations is discussed in relation to comparative observations on other vertebrates as in relation to histochemical findings on camel testis. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that the interstitial cells in the camel testis resemble interstitial cells of other vertebrates. Letdig cells during the non‐breeding season possess abundant lipid droplets, large lysosomal bodies together with narrow cisternae of SER, i.e. features of inactivity. Maximal activity is seen during the rutting season and it is suggested that this activity correlates with the of seminiferous epithelium and accessory sex glands.

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The skin, sweat glands and hair follicles of the camel (camelus dromedarius)

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sweat Glands of the Dromedary Camel

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sweat Glands of the Dromedary Camel

Anatomical, histological and histochemical observations and changes in the poll glands of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Obsrvations on the Fine structure of the Testicular Interstitial Cells in the Camel (Camelus Dromedarious)

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