The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita associates with complex and variable bacterial assemblages that do not affect its virulence

Rae, Robbie; Tourna, Maria; Wilson, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.008

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This assumption is further supported by the fact that the yield and development time in monoxenized strains of these nematodes were more equalised. Generally faster development and higher yields, lipid reserves and body length in monoxenized strains clearly illustrate the important role of associated bacteria (Rae et al, 2010;Wilson et al, 1995aWilson et al, , 1995b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New DJs, which are released from the slug cadaver, spread into the soil and look for new hosts (Wilson, Glen, & George, 1993). P. hermaphrodita is a bacteriophagous nematode that does not live in a strict association with only one species of bacteria as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) do, but is associated with, and able to feed on, many bacterial species (Rae, Tourna, & Wilson, 2010;Wilson, Glen, George, & Pearce, 1995a) that are common in its habitat. Bacterial species also significantly influence P. hermaphrodita progeny production (Wilson et al, 1995a) and are responsible for the pathogenicity of nematode-bacteria complex towards their hosts (Wilson, Glen, Pearce, & Rodgers, 1995b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different growing substrates on the development and quality ofPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita(Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

Nermuť

Půža

Mráček

2014

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The effect of different growing substrates on the development of the slug parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Wild, laboratory and Nemaslug strains of P. hermaphrodita and their monoxenic counterparts with Moraxella osloensis (CCM 5605T) were reared on homogenised pig kidney, Deroceras reticulatum, Arion lusitanicus, and Galleria mellonella, the faeces of D. reticulatum and A. lusitanicus, or leaf compost. Development time, yield, lipid reserves and the body length of nematodes were assessed. All P. hermaphrodita strains were able to grow and reproduce on all tested substrates; however, yields were markedly higher on invertebrate media. Lipid content and body size varied across the substrates and strains. A uniform response of all nematode strains and the most dramatic differences among substrates were recorded in yields, which could indicate that the quality of the substrate is expressed mainly in yield. Monoxenized strains had higher yield, length, lipid content and shorter development time. In general, the strain differences between the observed parameters were most likely due to different bacterial associates. The dramatic differences in yields on invertebrate substrates, in comparison to the others, illustrate the evolutionary advantage of the association of nematodes with invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different growing substrates on the development and quality ofPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita(Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

Nermuť

Půža

Mráček

2014

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Apart from the parasitic cycle, P. hermaphrodita also has a necromenic life cycle [41] and has been shown to reproduce on dead earthworms [52], leaf litter [53] and slugs or slug faeces [40]. P. hermaphrodita does not live in a strict association with only one species of bacteria as EPNs do, but is associated with many bacterial species [54,55] that are common in its habitat. Bacterial species are responsible for the pathogenicity of nematode-bacteria complex towards their hosts [56].…”

Section: Rhabditidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Novelties in Pest Control by Entomopathogenic and Mollusc- Parasitic Nematodes

Půža¹,

Mráček²,

Nermuť³

2016

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Environmentally Sound Pest Management

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Entomopathogenic and molluscoparasitic nematodes are important parasites of many insects and molluscs, respectively. Due to their infectivity, the possibility of mass production by industrial techniques and the relative safety to nontarget organisms and environment, these organisms represent an attractive agent for biological control of many pests. This chapter summarises the current knowledge of the diversity of these organisms. In this chapter, we review the recent advances in production, storage, application techniques genetic improvement and safety of these organisms.

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“…23 Most of what has been studied in animal-microbe symbiosis has been in invertebrates, namely insects 24 and nematodes. 25 For comprehensives overviews of insect-bacterial symbioses, we recommend reviews by Su et al, 26 Ferrari et al, 27 and Chaves et al 28 …”

Section: Symbiosis In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Calling All Hosts: Bacterial Communication In Situ

Cleary

Condren

Zink

et al. 2017

Chem

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Bacteria are cosmopolitan organisms that in recent years have demonstrated many roles in maintaining host equilibrium. In this review, we discuss three roles bacteria can occupy in a host: pathogenic, symbiotic, and transient, with a specific focus on how bacterial small molecules contribute to homeostasis or dysbiosis. First, we will dissect how small molecules produced by pathogenic bacteria can be used as a source for communication during colonization and as protection against host immune responses. The ability to achieve a higher level of organization through small molecule communication gives pathogenic bacteria an opportunity for increased virulence and fitness. Conversely, in symbiotic relationships with hosts, small molecules are used in the initial acquisition, colonization, and maintenance of this beneficial population. Chemical signals can come from both the host and symbiont, and it is often observed that these interKingdom symbioses result in coevolution of both species involved. Furthermore, the transition from transient to commensal or opportunistic likely relies on molecular mechanisms. The small molecules utilized and produced by transient bacteria are desirable for both the immune and nutritional benefits they provide to the host. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of modern analytical techniques that are available to researchers in order to study small molecules in situ is an important aspect of this review. It is our opinion that small molecules produced by bacteria are central to many biological processes and a larger focus on uncovering the function and identity of these small molecules is required to gain a deeper understanding of host-microbe associations.

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The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita associates with complex and variable bacterial assemblages that do not affect its virulence

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of different growing substrates on the development and quality ofPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita(Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

The effect of different growing substrates on the development and quality ofPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita(Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

Novelties in Pest Control by Entomopathogenic and Mollusc- Parasitic Nematodes

Calling All Hosts: Bacterial Communication In Situ

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