The Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan was Effective at Reducing Dietary Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Blood Glucose Levels in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BackgroundThe typical Korean diet includes rice, which is usually served in a rice bowl. We investigated the effects of a meal plan using rice bowls of varying sizes on dietary energy intake (EI), body weight (BW), and blood glucose levels.MethodsForty-two obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to use either a 200 mL small rice bowl (SB), a 380 mL regular rice bowl (RB), or to a control group (C). Both intervention groups were asked to reduce their EI by 500 kcal/day for 12 weeks and simple instructions for using the assigned bowl were provided. Dietary EI and proportion of macronutrients (PMN) were estimated from 3-day dietary records.ResultsReduction of EI was more prominent in the SB group compared to the RB and C group, although EI decreased significantly from baseline in all groups. Carbohydrate and fat intakes of the SB group were decreased greater than those of the RB and C group. However, changes in PMN were not significant across the 3 groups. Reduction of BW and HbA1c levels in the SB group was more prominent compared to the C group. Although, BW and HbA1c were decreased significantly from baseline in both bowl groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups.ConclusionThe small rice bowl-based meal plan was effective at reducing EI, BW, and blood glucose levels, and the observed reductions in EI, carbohydrate, and fat intake were greater than those of the regular rice bowl-based meal plan.

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco

“…The majority of the 72 included studies were conducted in the USA (58 of 72), with five studies from Canada (Argo 2012 (S1); Argo 2012 (S2); Argo 2012 (S4); Argo 2012 (S5); Koh 2009), three from Belgium (Marchiori 2011; Marchiori 2012a; Marchiori 2012c), two from the Netherlands (Coelho do Vale 2008 (S2); Hermans 2012), two from the UK (Kelly 2009; Russell 1980), and one study each from Australia (Cavanagh 2013) and South Korea (Ahn 2010). We identified no eligible studies conducted in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs).…”

“…We identified no eligible studies conducted in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). The majority of included studies were conducted in laboratory settings (50 of 72) and the others (22 of 72) were conducted in field settings - predominantly restaurants or school or workplace cafeterias (Ahn 2010; Diliberti 2004; DiSantis 2013; Ebbeling 2007; Huss 2013; Jeffery 2007; Leahy 2008; Looney 2011; Marchiori 2012c; Mishra 2012 (S1); Raynor 2007; Raynor 2009; Russell 1980; Spill 2010; Spill 2011b; Stroebele 2009; Wansink 2001; Wansink 2003 (S1); Wansink 2003 (S2); Wansink 2005b; Wansink 2006; Wansink 2011b). …”

“…Only one included study reported outcome data using changes from baseline as the metric (Ahn 2010). For this study we computed final values based on reported data, supplemented with additional information supplied by the authors.…”

Whether Smaller Plates Reduce Consumption Depends on Who's Serving and Who's Looking: A Meta-Analysis

“…and Pliner 2009), and also volume whether reported as bowl size (Ahn et al 2010) or package size (Wansink and Kim 2005). Second and in line with an observation by Libotte et al (2014), we distinguished between whether the plate being manipulated was the serving plate (e.g., Wansink 1996) or the consumption plate (e.g., Rolls et al 2007).…”

“…Despite their promise, we also excluded studies that measured body weight change (Pedersen et al 2007;Ahn et al 2010;Hanks et al 2013) 5 and food waste (Kallbekken and Saelen 2013) as the outcomes.…”