2007
DOI: 10.1242/dev.02805
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The Snail repressor is required for PMC ingression in the sea urchin embryo

Abstract: In metazoans, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for placing the mesoderm beneath the ectoderm. Primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) at the vegetal pole of the sea urchin embryo ingress into the floor of the blastocoele from the blastula epithelium and later become the skeletogenic mesenchyme. This ingression movement is a classic EMT during which the PMCs penetrate the basal lamina, lose adherens junctions and migrate into the blastocoele. Later, secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) also… Show more

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Cited by 89 publications
(106 citation statements)
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“…De-adhesion begins with adherens junctions disassembly and continues with cell membrane turnover; the membrane loses cadherins and catenins, and adds mesenchymal adhesion molecules with extracellular matrix affinity (D'Souza-Schorey, 2005;Yap et al, 2007;Thiery et al, 2009). In L. variegatus, alx1, twist and snail constitute a functional sub-circuit in the GRN that controls the repression and endocytosis of cadherin required for de-adhesion (Wu and McClay, 2007;Wu et al, 2008). Our analysis of both snail and twist knockdowns showed a failure of PMCs to complete EMT in spite of four other successful cell state changes: laminin hole creation (Fig.…”
Section: De-adhesionmentioning
confidence: 79%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…De-adhesion begins with adherens junctions disassembly and continues with cell membrane turnover; the membrane loses cadherins and catenins, and adds mesenchymal adhesion molecules with extracellular matrix affinity (D'Souza-Schorey, 2005;Yap et al, 2007;Thiery et al, 2009). In L. variegatus, alx1, twist and snail constitute a functional sub-circuit in the GRN that controls the repression and endocytosis of cadherin required for de-adhesion (Wu and McClay, 2007;Wu et al, 2008). Our analysis of both snail and twist knockdowns showed a failure of PMCs to complete EMT in spite of four other successful cell state changes: laminin hole creation (Fig.…”
Section: De-adhesionmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…The biggest difference between the current S. purpuratus GRN model and that shown in Fig. 1 is the observation that snail and twist are part of the L. variegatus GRN (Wu et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2008). As specification of the skeletogenic GRN occurs prior to EMT, the network depicted in Fig.…”
Section: Identification Of the Gene Regulatory Network (Grn) That Conmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Alx1 is necessary for specification and morphogenetic movement of the PMCs, while also activating the genes necessary for the epithelial mesenchymal transitions of gastrulation (Ettensohn et al, 2003;Wu and McClay, 2007). Alx1 expression was also found to activate expression of downstream genes in the PMC GRN that are in turn essential for activation of biomineralization genes (such as Msp130 and SM50) (Ettensohn et al, 2003).…”
Section: Embryo and Micromere Specification Genesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The now-classic experiment in which ectopic overexpression of pmar1 converts all embryonic cells to a skeletogenic fate (26) has been duplicated in numerous camaradont euechinoids, including Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (29), Paracentrotus lividus (30), and Lytechinus variegatus (31), suggesting that DNG function and circuitry are conserved in these taxa. Furthermore, whole-mount in situ hybridization data from the camarodonts H. pulcherrimus (32) and L. variegatus (33) reveal spatial distributions of hesc and its downstream targets that are consistent with the existence of the DNG in these euechinoids.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%