The Social Construction of Self-Esteem

Hewitt, John P.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0020

Cited by 78 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…There is also a smaller significant increase in self-efficacy, which is important given that Bandura (1997) reported that high self-efficacy significantly increases the likelihood of achieving success by influencing whether a task is attempted as well as the effort put into it and the persistence with which it is pursued in the face of difficulties or apparent lack of progress. A significant increase in self-esteem is also found post intervention, reflecting a feel good factor (Hewitt 2005). Increasing self-esteem in students is desirable given that previous research has established that high self-esteem is associated with greater educational attainment (Bachman and O'Malley 1977), task effort, and persistence (Felson 1984;McFarlin, Baumeister, and Blascovich 1984) and general coping ability (Taylor 1983).…”

Section: Post Educational Interventionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A self-esteem scale was included as the concept captures the individual's sense of self, of personal and social identity, and measures his/her feelings of self-worth or self-acceptance and self-confidence (Hewitt 2005). It is well established that high self-esteem is associated with greater educational attainment (Bachman and O'Malley 1977), task effort, and persistence (Felson 1984;McFarlin, Baumeister, and Blascovich 1984) and general coping ability (Taylor 1983).…”

Section: Measuring Students' Confidence In Their Ability To Learn Autmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing autonomous learning in first year university students using perspectives from positive psychology

Macaskill

Denovan

2013

Studies in Higher Education

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Volume 38, Number 3, which is due out in May 2013. A. Macaskill and A. Denovan Studies in Higher Education 2 AbstractAutonomous learning is a commonly occurring learning outcome from University study and it is argued that students require confidence in their own abilities to achieve this. Using approaches from Positive Psychology, this study aimed to develop confidence in first year university students to facilitate autonomous learning. Psychological character strengths were assessed in 214 students on day one at university. Two weeks later their top three strengths were given to them in study skills modules as part of a psycho-educational intervention designed to increase their self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The impact of the intervention was assessed against a control group of 40 students who had not received the intervention. The results suggested that students were more confident after the intervention and that levels of autonomous learning increased significantly compared to the controls. Character strengths were found to be associated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, and autonomous learning in ways that were theoretically meaningful.

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Section: Post Educational Interventionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Measuring Students' Confidence In Their Ability To Learn Autmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing autonomous learning in first year university students using perspectives from positive psychology

Macaskill

Denovan

2013

Studies in Higher Education

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“…In real life, the feedback obtained by the individual from others during his/her interaction affects the self-esteem and while the positive feedback strengthens the self-esteem, negative ones make it go down. And the individual sometimes relies on maladaptive means to acceptance which is missing in this interaction (Hewitt, 2002). One of such maladaptive means can be stated as the overuse of Internet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study showed that the likes the users took for their shares on social networking sites allow them to feel better about themselves (Valkenburg, Peter & Schouten, 2006). The fact that 90% of the Internet users use a social networking site (Internet Society, 2012) and the positive feedback made by others strengthens the self-esteem (Hewitt, 2002) renders the relationship between the self-esteem and Internet use worhty of attention. It is no wrong to say that, with regards to self-esteem, similar situations apply to the gaming sites commonly used by Internet users.…”

Section: Self-esteem and Problematic Internet Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Resorting to Internet: A look at university students’ problematic Internet use through meaning in life, self-efficacy and self-esteem

Aydın

2017

HumanSciences

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Internet can be used in a maladaptive way to escape from or compensate perceived inadequacies or the problems experiencing in daily life. In relation to this, in this study the relationship of meaning in life, self-efficacy and self-esteem to problematic Internet use was examined. Furthermore, the role of meaning in life, self-efficacy and self-esteem in predicting problematic Internet use was investigated. The study was carried out 410 university students (280 females and 130 males) attending the different grades of various departments in a school of education in Rize, Turkey. In the study, Sociodemographic Data Form, Problematic Internet Use Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed through SPSS 15.0 version and descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized in the analysis. Results showed that presence of meaning in life (r=-.26, p<.01), selfefficacy (r=-.36, p<.01) and self-esteem (r=-.30, p<.01) are negatively and significantly correlated to problematic Internet use, on the contrary, search for meaning's relationship was found in a positive way (r=.21, p<.01). Besides, presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life and self-efficacy emerged as significant predictors of problematic Internet use. By discussing these results in line with the relevant literature, directions were given for further studies.

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“…Self-esteem is rooted in an individual's acceptance, evaluation, and comparison of self, and is a sign of well-being (Hewitt 2005). It is an epiphenomenon that reflects how well one is doing in life (Seligman 1995).…”

Section: Self-enhancement Cognitive Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement Bias in Portrayal of Self and Others on Personality Traits: A Test of Two Explanations

Suar

Mishra

2015

Psychol Stud

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This study examined whether individuals show self-enhancing tendencies in perceiving their self-esteem and self-protecting tendencies in perceiving their trait anxiety compared with their friends. It also tested whether motivational and/or cognitive explanations account for self-enhancement. Four hundred ten management students from two institutes in India participated. A questionnaire was administered containing socio-demographic information, and inventories of self-esteem, trait anxiety, and tolerance of ambiguity. Inventories with differing instructions assessed the participants' perception of their friends' self-esteem and friends' trait anxiety. Results suggested that individuals perceive themselves to have higher self-esteem and less anxiety than their friends. While males who have low ambiguity tolerance scores increase their self-esteem and decrease their anxiety compared with their perceptions of friends, females who have high ambiguity tolerance scores do not show such selfenhancement. Conclusively, motivated desire of males and their shallow information processing jointly explain the enhancement bias.Though self-serving bias is an attributional phenomenon of taking credit for success and putting blame on others or circumstances for failure, it also appears in social comparisons (Myers 2005;Pal 2007;Shepperd, Malone, and Sweeny 2008;Taylor and Brown 1988). Individuals tend to enhance the positivity or decrease the negativity of their self-view in comparison with others. Most people see themselves as friendlier, more ethical, more intelligent, more insightful, more competent, better adjusted, less prejudiced, and less biased in their self-assessments than similar others (cited in Myers 2005, p.70). The tendency to see oneself better than similar others misinterprets reality (Taylor and Brown 1988) and is a bias. To our knowledge, rating oneself higher than others on a valued personality trait and rating oneself lower than others on a not-valued personality trait, have not been studied simultaneously. Though such self-enhancement bias (SEB) is an etic/universal phenomenon (Higgins and Bhatt 2001; Hooghiemstra 2008), it is reported to be high in individualistic and low in collectivist cultures. Also, controversies continue about whether motivational and cognitive explanations account for SEB (Shepperd et al. 2008). Taking such issues into consideration, this study (a) investigated whether self-enhancement emerged in descriptions of self and others on a desirable and an undesirable personality trait in the collectivist society of India, and (b) searched for the explanatory mechanism of self-enhancement.Most people depict themselves as happier, more optimistic, and better adjusted than people who are similar to them (Taylor and Brown 1988). This is an above-average effect. Also, most people report a lesser likelihood than their peers that they will commit automobile accidents (Robertson 1977),

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The Social Construction of Self-Esteem

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Developing autonomous learning in first year university students using perspectives from positive psychology

Developing autonomous learning in first year university students using perspectives from positive psychology

Resorting to Internet: A look at university students’ problematic Internet use through meaning in life, self-efficacy and self-esteem

Enhancement Bias in Portrayal of Self and Others on Personality Traits: A Test of Two Explanations

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