The Social Gradient in Health: How Fair Retirement could make a Difference

Wester, Gry; Wolff, Jonathan

doi:10.1093/phe/phq021

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A low education is associated with more adverse working conditions [ 18 , 19 ], with the exception of psychosocial job demands, which are more common among workers with a high educational level [ 19 – 21 ]. Furthermore, low educated people need to work more years until they are entitled to state pensions, compared to their higher educated counterparts, who spend more years in school before entering the labour market [ 22 ]. Thus, much is known about the differences in work characteristics across educational groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work characteristics and health in older workers: Educational inequalities

2020

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To be able to extend working lives, maintaining good health in older workers is important. The aim of the present study was to identify which work characteristics are associated with physical and mental health outcomes in older workers in the Netherlands, and particularly whether there are educational differences in these associations. We used longitudinal tobit and ordered logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between physical demands, psychosocial demands, variation in tasks, autonomy, and job strain and self-rated health (SRH), functional limitations, and depressive symptoms. We included interaction terms between the work characteristics and education to examine effect modification by education. We found that high physical demands, low variation in tasks, low autonomy, and high job strain were associated with poorer physical and mental health. We found evidence for educational differences in the exposure to these work characteristics, as well as in the strengths of their associations with health, with lower educated workers being disadvantaged. The associations between physical demands (SRH: OR = 3.70 (95%CI:1.92;7.11); functional limitations: B = 1.27 (95%CI:.47;2.07)), autonomy (SRH: OR = .42(95%CI:.26;.69)), and job strain (active job; SRH: OR = .25 (95%CI:.09;.69); functional limitations: B = -1.51 (95%CI:-2.68;-.34), and health were strongest in the lower educated workers. In order to maintain good health in older workers and reduce health inequalities, it is recommended to implement workplace interventions to improve working conditions, especially among the lower educated workers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work characteristics and health in older workers: Educational inequalities

2020

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“…Those who have paid off their house, had a decent occupational pension, and then get the bonus of a bequest in the hundreds of thousands, can look forward to a relaxed retirement full of opportunity for high-quality leisure. But those with none of those things, and especially if they have spent decades in physically demanding work, may have a retirement of poverty and ill-health (Wester and Wolff 2010). This inequality of the retired requires attention it rarely gets.…”

Section: Can a Rignano Tax Help Overcome Social And Cultural Segregation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Fortunes

Wolff¹

2021

LEAP

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In The Inheritance of Wealth, Daniel Halliday claims that contemporary societies are characterized by economic segregation that leads to highly undesirable cultural and social segregation. A new form of inheritance tax, inspired by Eugenio Rignano, is proposed, in which the longer wealth has been held in a family the higher the tax on inheritance. This, he argues, will go some way to mitigating economic segregation and its unwelcome consequences. Taking the UK as a case study, and looking at official statistics concerning inheritance, I cast doubt on whether such a tax could address the forms of economic segregation the UK currently experiences. Instead, I propose the closing of some tax exemptions and individualizing tax to the recipient, rather than taxing according to the size of the estate.

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“…Anton (2016).19 Wester and Wolff (2010).20 (1979: 1262). He went on to conclude that 'none of the so-called explanations [for preferring mandatory retirement] describes why it is optimal to terminate a worker at a certain age rather than reduce…wages accordingly and in a continuous fashion' (1263).…”

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confidence: 99%