The Social Mechanism of Guilt and Shame: The Japanese Case

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama

doi:10.2307/3316971

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Various researchers comparing shame and guilt in different cultures (e.g. Glenn & Glenn, 1982;Lebra, 1973;Johnson et al, 1987), invariably hypothesize that shame results from the existence of a real or imagined audience of one's misdeed, while guilt is defined as a feeling of negative self-regard and does not need an audience.…”

Section: Shame and Guiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to Violation of Normative Standards: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Shame and Guilt

Bierbrauer

1992

Int J Psychol

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This study investigates the responses from individuals from three culture groups (Germans, Kurds, and Lebanese) following the violation of legal, religious, and traditional norms. The three samples formed two main groups with regard to their cultural orientation; the German sample showed an individualistic orientation whereas the other two samples (Kurds and Lebanese) showed a clear collectivistic orientation. As hypothesized by cross‐cultural researchers, it was expected that individuals from collectivistic cultures would respond to normative violations with more shame and individuals from individualistic orientations with more guilt. The findings show that subjects from collectivistic cultures respond with more shame and guilt than subjects from the individualistic culture. However, there was no distinction with regard to the degree of guilt between the two main culture groups. Since the three culture groups show a similar religious outlook in terms of monotheism (Christianity and Islam), it was suggested that this factor increases the degree of guilt even for subjects with a collectivistic background. Moreover, it was found that the Kurds and Lebanese showed a greater willingness to keep to the norms of religion and tradition, and less willingness to allow state laws to intervene in family and ingroup disputes.

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Section: Shame and Guiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to Violation of Normative Standards: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Shame and Guilt

Bierbrauer

1992

Int J Psychol

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“…Shame results from status incongruity or by making a fool of oneself, while guilt results from failure to fulfill norms of role reciprocity (Lebra 1971). Drunken comportment certainly provides a great opportunity to make a fool oneself, and Asian cultures have been described as shame-oriented cultures (e.g., Benedict l946-with regard to Japan; Mead 1943).…”

Section: Sociocultural Influences and Alcohol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Asians, Asian-Americans and Alcohol

Johnson

Nagoshi

1990

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Abstract-Thc association of flushing (vasodilation, reddening of the skin) with the alcohol use of Asians and Asian-Americans is examined. Historical changes in alcohol use, recent secular changes in alcohol use, and marked differences in consumption among Asian populations and among Asian-Americans of the same national origins, as well as the lack of reduction of sex differences among flushers, indicate that flushing has little influence on alcohol consumption. Social, psychological, and cultural influences seem to be more adequate explanatory devices with regard to Oriental alcohol use.

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“…For example, parents encourage their children from infancy to look toward their primary group as their ultimate source of support, security, and identification. This is accomplished by encouraging the child to expect to indulge when seeking to be able to engage in highly dependent behavior such as being held constantly by its mother, receiving food and attention whenever it cries, and by always being able to co-sleep and co-bathe with family members from the earliest years of infancy until well into adolescence (Caudill and Plath, 1966;Caudill and Weinstein, 1969;DeVos, 1973;Doi, 1973;Lanham, 1956;Lebra, 1971Lebra, , 1976. Through such socialization processes, Japanese children naturally seek aid and indulgence from parents and older siblings.…”

Section: An Alternative Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependence is also inculcated through socialization techniques and disciplinary methods that create distrust of non-family members and fear of separation from or rejection by significant others outside the family (Benedict, 1946;Lebra, 1971Lebra, , 1976. For example, during the solar New Year's holiday, in the rural Japanese villages of the Tohoku region, a number of local men traditionally dress in costumes as demons called namahage.…”

Section: An Alternative Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dark side of Japanese management in the 1990s

Meek

2004

Journal of Managerial Psych

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.Abstract Over 30 years, many comparative surveys have found Japanese employees and managers far less satisfied with their jobs than their Western counterparts. This paper explores the findings and interpretations from these studies, and then proposes an alternative explanation based on childhood socialization practices and the history of Japanese society. This explanation is then used to illuminate the recent social problems of karoshi (death from overwork) and ijime (bullying) in the Japanese workplaces.

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The Social Mechanism of Guilt and Shame: The Japanese Case

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Reactions to Violation of Normative Standards: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Shame and Guilt

Reactions to Violation of Normative Standards: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Shame and Guilt

Asians, Asian-Americans and Alcohol

The dark side of Japanese management in the 1990s

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