The social pain of Cyberball: Decreased pupillary reactivity to exclusion cues

Sleegers, Willem; Proulx, Travis; Beest, Ilja van

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.08.004

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…As expected, the behavior results showed that participants felt less pleasant on social rejection trials in both high-and low-levels empathy groups. Social rejection induced unpleasant experience at the behavioral level, replicating previous findings that individuals reported feeling more excluded, distressed and unhappier when observing being rejected than being accepted in the Cyberball Task or the Chatroom Interact Task [17,18]. However, subjective ratings didn't reveal marked significance in two groups, suggesting that no matter the level of empathy, individuals perceive the social pain in social rejection task.…”

Section: B Erp Datasupporting

confidence: 80%

Trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology

Tang

Leng

et al. 2020

2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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Empathy which can understand and respond to the unique affective experiences of others plays an essential role in social interaction. Although many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying empathy for social pain, how its mechanisms are modulated by trait empathy remains unknown. The present event-related potential (ERP) study used Chatroom Interact Task to examine how trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection. The behavior results showed that participants were less pleasant when observing rejection compared to observing acceptance in both high-and low-levels empathy groups. The ERP results revealed more negative-going N2 for social acceptance compared to rejection in both groups, but there was no difference in N2 between high-and low-empathy group. However, the late components, i.e., the P3b, N400 and LPP, revealed significant difference between social acceptance and rejection in high empathic participants rather than low empathic participants. These findings suggested that individuals with high empathic traits could devote more attention and mental resources to process observing ostracism.

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Section: B Erp Datasupporting

confidence: 80%

Trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology

Tang

Leng

et al. 2020

2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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“…Furthermore, the included studies do not study participants’ actual behavior, which may differ from their (retrospective) reports on their emotional responses. Although this approach may represent the most commonly used design to assess the effects of social exclusion, more objective parameters (e.g., neurocognitive correlates 21 ; psychophysiological reactions 22 ; endocrinological effects 23 ) have been studied and demonstrate that the effects are also present on a biological level that may reflect a more immediate response to social exclusion. In addition, the Cyberball paradigm may be seen in a more complex sense than as an experimental tool to measure the effects of social exclusion on an individual level: it can be presumed that besides acting as individuals aiming to fulfill their individual needs, the players also represent a group, which automatically strives to meet and regulate specific social group norms, such as equality between group members (“equality norm”).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the immediate behavioral response to partial social exclusion

Dewald-Kaufmann

Wüstenberg

Barton

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Social rejection and exclusion (ostracism) represent main stressors in daily life and even threaten mental and physical health. Abundant data from subjective measures in social exclusion paradigms are available, but the dynamic behavioral response is largely unexplored. Here, we applied modified variants of the Cyberball paradigm in two consecutive experiments to investigate the adaptive behavioral and emotional reactions to partial social exclusion. In experiment 1, 68 healthy participants (females, mean age 24.76 ± 4.05 years) played 2 min inclusion, 5 min partial exclusion and 2 min total exclusion. In experiment 2, 94 healthy participants (48 females, mean age 34.50 ± 12.08 years) underwent an experimental condition (2 min inclusion, 10 min partial exclusion) and a control condition (12 min inclusion only) in randomized order. In experiment 1, behavioral responses to partial exclusion showed two characteristics: (1) an immediate increase in ball passes to the excluding player followed (2) by a later return of participants’ behavior to baseline. This finding was replicated for both genders and in comparison to a control condition in experiment 2. The dynamic behavioral response observed here may point to overlapping principles of cooperation in this ball tossing paradigm and serves as a novel experimental proxy.

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“…ball reception or interventions, respectively) must also occur frequently in a cyberball game. In the exclusionary cyberball, physiological responses to recurring relevant events (here: ball reception) change within an experimental block over time [47]. A corresponding decrease of the P3 amplitude [28] can be related to a re-adjustment of subjective expectancies [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of control as a violation of expectations: Testing the predictions of a common inconsistency compensation approach in an inclusionary cyberball game

2019

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Personal control relies on the expectation that events are contingent upon one’s own behavior. A common ‘inconsistency compensation approach’ posits that a violation of expectancies in social interaction triggers aversive arousal and compensatory effort. Following this approach, we tested the hypothesis that interventions affecting participants' decisions violate the expected personal control. In a modified version of the established cyberball paradigm, participants were not excluded, but consistently included. However, their decisions regarding the recipient of a ball throw in the virtual game were occasionally overruled (expectancy violation). We hypothesized that this intervention will trigger a P3 response in event-related brain potentials (ERP). Since this component is related to subjective expectancies, its amplitude was assumed to depend on the frequency of interventions (independent factor: loss of control). Further, we manipulated the vertical position of the participants’ avatar on the computer screen (independent factor: verticality). Building on research showing that verticality is related to the self-assigned power and influences the expected level of control, we hypothesized that the ERP effects of intervention should be more pronounced for participants with avatars in superior position. As predicted, both experimental factors interactively affected the expression of the ERP response: In case of low intervention frequency, P3 amplitudes were significantly pronounced if the participants’ avatar was positioned above as compared to below co-players (high > low self-assigned power). The effect of verticality could be traced back to a lack of adaptation of P3 amplitudes to recurring aversive events. By demonstrating that loss of control triggers ERP effects corresponding to those triggered by social exclusion, this study provides further evidence for a common cognitive mechanism in reactions to aversive events based on an inconsistency in expectancy states.

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The social pain of Cyberball: Decreased pupillary reactivity to exclusion cues

Cited by 34 publications

References 67 publications

Trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology

Trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology

Dynamics of the immediate behavioral response to partial social exclusion

Loss of control as a violation of expectations: Testing the predictions of a common inconsistency compensation approach in an inclusionary cyberball game

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