The Socialist Response to Antisemitism in Imperial Germany

Abstract

What set antisemites apart from anti-antisemites in Imperial Germany was not so much what they thought about 'the Jews', but what they thought should be done about them. Like most anti-antisemites, German Social Democrats felt that the antisemites had a point but took matters too far. In fact, Socialist anti-antisemitism often did not hinge on the antisemites' anti-Jewish orientation at all. Even when it did, the Socialists' arguments generally did more to consolidate than subvert generally accepted notions regarding 'the Jews'. By focusing on a broader set of perceptions accepted by both antisemites and anti-antisemites and drawing a variety of new sources into the debate, this study offers a startling reinterpretation of seemingly well-rehearsed issues, including the influence of Karl Marx's 'Zur Judenfrage' and the positions of various leading Social Democrats (Franz Mehring,

Den pro-sionistiske vendingen

“…Implikasjonen synes å vaere at et «jødespørsmål» kan antas å oppstå i tilfeller der jødiske innbyggere er tilstrekkelig annerledes fra medlemmer av den nasjonale majori-36. Fischer 2007. 37.…”

Superconducting HTS coil made from round cable cooled by liquid nitrogen flow

“…Using of round tube as the cable former was already suggested [15] but without utilizing it for cooling purpose. A similar idea of cooling was previously applied in patents for cooling of power transmission cables [16][17][18], but an experimental verification of this procedure for a coil winding is not known.…”