The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia

Boyiadzis, Michael; Aksentijevich, Ivan; Arber, Daniel A.; Barrett, John; Brentjens, Renier J.; Brufsky, Jill; Cortes, Jorge; Lima, Marcos de; Forman, Stephen J.; Fuchs, Ephraim J.; Fukas, Linda; Gore, Steven D.; Litzow, Mark R.; Miller, Jeffrey S.; Pagel, John M.; Waller, Edmund K.; Tallman, Martin S.

doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-000810

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…The percentage of primary disease relapse remained unchanged in the study group, despite a significant GvHD reduction. This observation was unexpected because the protective function of graft-versus-leukemia against relapse is well documented [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-under-the-Curve-Based Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage May Contribute to Decrease the Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Carlone

Simeone²,

Baraldo

et al. 2021

JCM

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Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the second leading cause of death, after disease relapse, in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The medical records of 112 pediatric patients who underwent allo-HSCT from matched unrelated and haploidentical donors were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the GvHD prophylactic regimen used. In the control group, GvHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX) or CsA and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) at a standard daily dose of 30 mg/kg. All subjects in the study group received tacrolimus (FK506) and MMF. In this group, MMF was subjected to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) through mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve AUC0–12. We found a statistically significant difference in both overall acute GvHD (p < 0.0001) and overall chronic GvHD (p < 0.05) incidence between the study and the control group. The initial daily MMF dose and the age at transplant in the study group proved to be inversely correlated (r = −0.523, p < 0.0001). The children under six years of age required a significantly higher daily MMF dose (p < 0.008). This study showed that pharmacological monitoring of MPA AUC0–12 concentration allowed a reduction in the incidence of acute and chronic GvHD. MMF showed age-dependent pharmacokinetics due to greater drug clearance in younger children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-under-the-Curve-Based Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage May Contribute to Decrease the Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Carlone

Simeone²,

Baraldo

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…In some cases, when chemotherapy is ineffective, hematopoietic cells can be transplanted to eradicate residual disease [ 12 ]. Nevertheless, cell transplantation is not recommended for all patients [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Despite treatments having increased survival rates in most cases, it is not uncommon for patients to develop resistance to treatment or to relapse over the years [ 17 , 18 ], making a constant search for new therapeutic strategies necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Telomerase and Telomere-Associated Proteins in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Mota

Camargo

Biojone

et al. 2023

Genes

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Telomeres and telomerase are closely linked to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomerase has been largely studied in the context of cancer, including leukemias. Deregulation of human telomerase gene hTERT is a well-established step in leukemia development. B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) recovery rates exceed 90% in children; however, the relapse rate is around 20% among treated patients, and 10% of these are still incurable. This review highlights the biological and clinical relevance of telomerase for B-ALL and the implications of its canonical and non-canonical action on signaling pathways in the context of disease and treatment. The physiological role of telomerase in lymphocytes makes the study of its biomarker potential a great challenge. Nevertheless, many works have demonstrated that high telomerase activity or hTERT expression, as well as short telomeres, correlate with poor prognosis in B-ALL. Telomerase and related proteins have been proven to be promising pharmacological targets. Likewise, combined therapy with telomerase inhibitors may turn out to be an alternative strategy for B-ALL.

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“…Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of the early lymphoid stem cells or progenitor cells and the depletion of the normal hematopoietic cells in the marrow, is the most prevalent subtype of leukemia with a rapidly growing incidence worldwide ( 1 – 5 ). Although ALL occurs in both adults and children, children represent up to 80% of cases ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common subtype of childhood leukemia, which is characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoid cell in the bone marrow. Although the long-term survival rate for pediatric ALL has made significant progress over years with the development of contemporary therapeutic regimens, patients are still suffered from relapse, leading to an unsatisfactory outcome. Since the immune system played an important role in the progression and relapse of ALL, immunotherapy including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor T cells has been demonstrated to be capable of enhancing the immune response in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell ALL, and improving the cure rate of the disease and patients’ quality of life, thus receiving the authorization for market. Nevertheless, the resistance and toxicities associated with the current immunotherapy remains a huge challenge. Novel therapeutic options to overcome the above disadvantages should be further explored. In this review, we will thoroughly discuss the emerging immunotherapeutics for the treatment of pediatric ALL, as well as side-effects and new development.

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The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Area-under-the-Curve-Based Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage May Contribute to Decrease the Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Area-under-the-Curve-Based Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage May Contribute to Decrease the Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

The Relevance of Telomerase and Telomere-Associated Proteins in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Immunotherapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

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