“…Many scholars tend to see American literature as a mouthpiece for US ideology and focus on the way novels seem to justify imperialism, neoliberalism, counter‐terrorism, and neo‐orientalism (Al‐Kassimi, 2021; Holland & Jarvis, 2014; Jones & Smith, 2010; Keskin, 2011). Their arguments build on political chronologies across two decades and their geopolitical implications, mainly focusing on how political chronologies have reflected an increasing hegemonic attitude—that is, either by using military intervention to change regimes, having sovereignty over lands, supporting puppet dictatorships, or imposing sanctions on some Arab countries.…”