The solubility and electrochemistry of alkali metal oxides in the molten eutectic mixture of lithium carbonate-sodium carbonate-potassium carbonate

White, S. H.; Twardoch, U.M.

doi:10.1007/bf01007939

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Lastly, the formation of alkaline oxides from decomposition of carbonates, at high temperature (e.g. 600°C), in the absence of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, is well established 30.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and microstructural effects in composite electrolytes for fuel cells

Ferreira

Saradha

Figueiredo

et al. 2011

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Composite ionic conductors were produced by combination of alkaline carbonates with various ceramic oxides, including ceria, zirconia and alumina. The adopted mechano-thermal processing routes originated materials with the same nominal composition but with significantly different microstructures. The electrical performance of these composites, studied by impedance spectroscopy, showed the relevance of the mixed carbonate phase on the transport properties, but also unexpected composite effects. The role of grain size on the electrical performance could not be isolated from the possible influence of alkaline metal rich interfacial layers (ceramic/carbonate) consisting of nanosized 1D crystals. Modest electrode impedances in open air experiments are coherent with the coexistence of various charge carriers. The known interaction of major composite constituents and minor secondary phases with water might explain the presence of additional charge carriers.

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“…Lastly, the formation of alkaline oxides from decomposition of carbonates, at high temperature (e.g. 600°C), in the absence of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, is well established 30.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and microstructural effects in composite electrolytes for fuel cells

Ferreira

Saradha

Figueiredo

et al. 2011

Int. J. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Then CO 2 is generated by cutting of the two C-O bonds [32]. However, it was reported that O 2− can be dissolved up to 0.5 mol% in a Li-Na-K ternary eutectic carbonate [33]. The anode electrochemical reaction may be restrained by the low O 2− concentration, resulting in a high anode polarization loss and a low power output.…”

Section: Electrode Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct carbon fuel cell with (molten carbonate)/(doped ceria) composite electrolyte

Liu

Tian

Liu

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

129

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“…When the cell is operated, O 2À is supplied from the YSZ electrolyte, and can be carried into the carbon/carbonate mixture where the carbon oxidation occurs. 18,19 In both schemes, electronic/ionic mixed conduction in the carbon/carbonate slurry increases the active reaction zone from a two-dimensional Ni/YSZ anode to three-dimensional slurry and enhances the electrochemical oxidation of carbon to CO 2 . It has been reported that O 2À up to 0.5 mol% are soluble in a Li-Na-K ternary eutectic carbonate under Ar flow in the temperature range 400-700 C. 18 With lower amounts of O 2À , CO 3 2À is probably the main ion carrier in the carbon/carbonate slurry and oxidises carbon to CO 2 .…”

Section: Reaction Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical oxidation of solid carbon in hybrid DCFC with solid oxide and molten carbonate binary electrolyte

Nabae

Pointon

Irvine

2008

Energy Environ. Sci.

156

144

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The hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC) with solid oxide and molten carbonate binary electrolyte merges solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell technologies to achieve direct conversion of solid carbon to electric power. The purpose of this study is to investigate in detail the electrochemistry of the oxidation of solid carbon in the carbon/carbonate slurry in the HDCFC. A planar test cell has been fabricated employing conventional SOFC materials and a eutectic carbonate mixture of lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate. The HDCFC with a model fuel, carbon black XC-72R, shows very high open circuit voltages (OCVs), approximately 1.5 V at 550-700 C, especially after a high temperature operation at 900 C, where carbonate decomposes to O 2À and CO 2 . The carbon/carbonate slurry increases the active reaction zone from a two-dimensional Ni/YSZ anode to a three-dimensional slurry and significantly enhances the carbon oxidation. The high OCV is probably due to the low activity of CO 2 in the slurry, which results from the recombination of CO 2 and O 2À . Gaseous products were analysed using an online gas chromatograph, and CO 2 and CO were detected, with their selectivity found to be dependent on temperature. Solid carbon is electrochemically oxidised to CO 2 and the final distribution of the products is dominated by the equilibrium of the Boudouard reaction (C + CO 2 % 2CO).

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The solubility and electrochemistry of alkali metal oxides in the molten eutectic mixture of lithium carbonate-sodium carbonate-potassium carbonate

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Compositional and microstructural effects in composite electrolytes for fuel cells

Compositional and microstructural effects in composite electrolytes for fuel cells

A direct carbon fuel cell with (molten carbonate)/(doped ceria) composite electrolyte

Electrochemical oxidation of solid carbon in hybrid DCFC with solid oxide and molten carbonate binary electrolyte

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