The soluble CD40 ligand sCD154 in systemic lupus erythematosus

Biomarkers of immune activation to screen for severe, acute GVHD

“…These markers are measurable in the blood and have been shown to be increased in clinical AGVHD or other immune-mediated processes. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The primary hypothesis tested in this study was that by using these markers, preclinical AGVHD can be diagnosed by transplant day 15 with a sensitivity and specificity of at least 80%.…”

Targeting CD40L: a Promising Therapeutic Approach

“…It has been hypothesized that high levels of sCD40L found in active-SLE patients may play a pathogenic role in vasculitis and in the nephritis occurring in active lupus. The authors proposed that sCD40L levels could serve in the future as a predictive marker of SLE disease flares (27). Vakkalanka et al also showed significantly higher mean concentrations of sCD40L in lupus patients than in disease controls and healthy subjects.…”

Proteomic analysis of human plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients

“…(117) also showed IL-1 serum levels higher in SLE group than in the control group sCD40L is considered a proinflammatory and prothrombotic cytokine in cardiovascular diseases [118,119]. The major sources of the soluble form of sCD40L are activated CD4 lymphocytes [120] and activated platelets [121]. Increased levels of sCD40L have been found in SLE [118,122], RA [123], and systemic sclerosis [124].…”

“…Increased levels of sCD40L have been found in SLE [118,122], RA [123], and systemic sclerosis [124]. Increased levels of sCD40L have been correlated with the disease activity in SLE [120] and many studies have documented the effectiveness of anti-CD40L therapy in lupus nephritis at many murine models [125,126].…”