“…Various trimer carboxylic acids have been prepared, directly connected to the thiophene rings [ 342 , 343 , 344 , 345 ] or linked through a spacer. In fact, spacers of one [ 346 , 347 , 348 , 349 , 350 , 351 , 352 ], two [ 279 , 353 , 354 ], three [ 355 ], four [ 354 ], five [ 356 ] or six [ 350 ] carbon atoms are reported ( Scheme 18 , I and II). Benzoic acid, connected in para on position 3′, is also reported ( Scheme 18 , III) [ 249 , 357 ].…”