“…Over the years, the competition has become significant as one of the world's key cultural events. Its integral kitsch aside, the ESC has drawn scholarly attention across a range of fields, such as media, identity, music, folklore, economy, politics, gender, language, and more (Fricker and Gluhovic, 2013; Spaziante, 2021; Tobin, 2017; Yair, 2019). While not institutionally related to the EU, the ESC can be seen as one key event among others, like the UEFA Champions League, which, according to Manners (2009), symbolizes the cultural understanding of contemporary Europe.…”