The South America East Coast Reefer Cargo: A Diagnosis of a Competitive Market

The reefer container market and academic research: A review study

“…or biological nature (product behavior and quality), with relatively less attention being paid to logistics, economics, and management-related issues. Only a handful of academic studies highlight the economic managerial aspects of reefer supply chains (Arduino et al, 2015;Castelein et al, 2019b;Galvao and Robles, 2014;Lutjen et al, 2013;Manzini and Accorsi, 2013;Menesatti et al, 2014;Rodrigue and Notteboom, 2015;Wilmsmeier and Martínez-Zarzoso, 2010). As a result of this scarce attention, our knowledge of supply chain structure, coordination, governance, and stakeholder preferences and decisionmaking is still limited.…”

Reefer logistics and cool chain transport

“…Maritime Imai and Rivera (2001) Fleet size planning for refrigerated containers Blanke (2008) Energy balance for fruit imports over sea Fitzgerald et al (2011) Energy use of refrigerated containers in maritime transportation Cheaitou and Cariou (2012) Optimal sailing speed for perishable products Ambrosino et al (2015) Multi-port stowage planning including reefers Chao and Chen (2015) Empty reefer repositioning among Asian ports Bömer and Tadeu (2014) Reefer cargo maritime shipping characteristics Arduino et al (2015) Reefer container vs. bulk reefer ship Hinterland Menesatti et al (2014) Intermodal vs. trucking for reefer cargo Lütjen et al (2013) Quality driven distribution of intelligent reefers Haass et al (2015) Reducing food loss and CO 2 by intelligent reefers in hinterland transportation Fan et al (2019) Flow consolidation in reefer hinterland transportation Terminal Design Wiese et al (2011) Terminal layout planning including reefer racks Filina-Dawidowicz et al (2016) Infrastructure requirements for reefers terminal handling Operation Filina and Filin (2008) The impact of disconnection of power supply on cargo in seaports van Duin (2018) Intermittent supply of power for reefers to reduce energy consumption at terminal Hartmann (2013) Scheduling reefer mechanics at terminals Filina-Dawidowicz et al (2015) Risk analysis of load loss during reefer terminal handling…”

“…• Use controller to adjust set points remotely (Verdijck and Van Straten, 2002) • Reduce number of transhipment (Rodrigue and Notteboom, 2015) • Switch on and off reefer power connection (Fitzgerald et al, 2011) • Realize container monitoring system (Huh et al, 2016) • Use intelligent containers (Lang et al, 2011) • Use triangulation scheme (Van den Berg and De Langen, 2014) • Make decision on container leasing (Chao and Chen, 2015) • Apply vessel pooling (World Shipping Council, 2015) • Apply slow steaming strategy (Cheaitou and Cariou, 2012) • Realize vessel size leverage (Bömer and Tadeu, 2014) • Use energy efficient refrigeration unit (Haass et al, 2015) • Schedule reliability (Haass et al, 2015) • Shipping cost (Cheaitou and Cariou, 2012) • Resource investment cost (Haass et al, 2015) • Number of container handling, e.g., precleaning, manual inspection (Sørensen et al, 2014) • Fuel usage for cooling (Fitzgerald et al, 2011) • Fuel usage for shipment (Cheaitou and Cariou, 2012) • Transit time (Cheaitou and Cariou, 2012) • Reefer unconnected time (Rodrigue and Notteboom, 2015) • Empty movements (Chao and Chen, 2015) Terminal operator (Rodrigue and Notteboom, 2009) • Provide reefer monitoring service, e.g. PTI of reefer engine, repair (Expert)…”

“…Vessel size leverage is investing to replace the small vessels with large ones (Bömer and Tadeu, 2014). This increases the economies of scale and reduces the fuel usage per shipped unit.…”

“…A reefer is also equipped with a control system for temperature monitoring and alarm devices to ensure the safety of agri-food products. The modular and standard structure of reefer containers provides handling flexibility and efficiency for multi-modal transport and has been the main reason for a major shift from specialized reefer vessels to reefer containers in global transportation of perishable goods (Bömer and Tadeu, 2014). Seaborne reefer transport demand in 2007 was around 85 million tonnes and is growing with an average annual growth rate of 2.5% in the past ten years.…”