The South American herpetofauna : its origin, evolution, and dispersal

Duellman, William E.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3207

Cited by 116 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…several contributors to multi-author volumes (Duellman, 1979;Prance, 1982;Mares and Genoways, 1982;Prance and Lovejoy, 1985;Whitmore and Prance, 1987), as well as Terborgh (1992) and Vanzolini (1992). Fjeldsa (1994: 219) concluded that Neotropical species probably "differentiate by isolation of relict populations in places which remained ecologically stable, and within geologically well structured regions at the periphery of an old biome" (such as Amazonia).…”

Section: Recent Discussion Of the Refuge Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia

Haffer¹

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

198

176

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The main hypotheses proposed to explain barrier formation separating populations and causing the differentiation of species in Amazonia during the course of geological history are based on different factors, as follow: (1) Changes in the distribution of land and sea or in the landscape due to tectonic movements or sea level fluctuations (Paleogeography hypothesis), (2) the barrier effect of Amazonian rivers (River hypothesis), (3) a combination of the barrier effect of broad rivers and vegetational changes in northern and southern Amazonia (River-refuge hypothesis), (4) the isolation of humid rainforest blocks near areas of surface relief in the periphery of Amazonia separated by dry forests, savannas and other intermediate vegetation types during dry climatic periods of the Tertiary and Quaternary (Refuge hypothesis), (5) changes in canopy-density due to climatic reversals (Canopy-density hypothesis) (6) the isolation and speciation of animal populations in small montane habitat pockets around Amazonia due to climatic fluctuations without major vegetational changes (Museum hypothesis), (7) competitive species interactions and local species isolations in peripheral regions of Amazonia due to invasion and counterinvasion during cold/warm periods of the Pleistocene (Disturbance-vicariance hypothesis) and (8) parapatric speciation across steep environmental gradients without separation of the respective populations (Gradient hypothesis). Several of these hypotheses probably are relevant to a different degree for the speciation processes in different faunal groups or during different geological periods. The basic paleogeography model refers mainly to faunal differentiation during the Tertiary and in combination with the Refuge hypothesis. Milankovitch ‡ cycles leading to global main hypotheses proposed to explain barrier formation separating populations and causing the differentiation of species in Amazonia during the course of geological history are based on different factors, as follow: (1) Changes in the distribution of land and sea or in the landscape due to tectonic movements or sea level fluctuations (Paleogeography hypothesis), (2) the barrier effect of Amazonian rivers (River hypothesis), (3) a combination of the barrier effect of broad rivers and vegetational changes in northern and southern Amazonia (River-refuge hypothesis), (4) the isolation of humid rainforest blocks near areas of surface relief in the periphery of Amazonia separated by dry forests, savannas and other intermediate vegetation types during dry climatic periods of the Tertiary and Quaternary (Refuge hypothesis), (5) changes in canopy-density due to climatic reversals (Canopy-density hypothesis) (6) the isolation and speciation of animal populations in small montane habitat pockets around Amazonia due to climatic fluctuations without major vegetational changes (Museum hypothesis), (7) competitive species interactions and local species isolations in peripheral regions of Amazonia due to invasion and counterinvasion during cold/warm p...

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Section: Recent Discussion Of the Refuge Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia

Haffer¹

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

198

176

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“…As noted by Duellman (1979) regarding the South American herpetofauna in general, it is critically important for biologists to collect distributional, taxonomic, and life history data in a systematic fashion so that more effective conservation measures can be proposed or taken.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various recommendations to preserve biodiversity of New World tropical ecosystems such as the establishment of wildlife preserves and careful land use planning will inevitably benefit all species, including K. scorpioides (see, for example, Duellman 1979 andWilson 1989).…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus 1766) – Scorpion Mud Turtle

Berry¹,

Iverson²

2011

Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises

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“…This high diversity and frequent homoplasy of morphological characters (Zweifel, 1986;Blommers-Schlosser, 1993;Loader et al, 2004) is probably the cause of the severe taxonomic subdivision of the Microhylidae in eight subfamilies and the high genus to species ratio. Its biological and morphological diversity organized in a highly subdivided taxonomy, in combination with their puzzling distribution, has gained the Microhylidae a reputation of being systematically diYcult (Duellman, 1979;Ford and Cannatella, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear gene phylogeny of narrow-mouthed toads (Family: Microhylidae) and a discussion of competing hypotheses concerning their biogeographical origins

Meijden

Vences

Hoegg

et al. 2007

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

127

132

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The family Microhylidae has a large circumtropic distribution and contains about 400 species in a highly subdivided taxonomy. Relationships among its constituent taxa remained controversial due to homoplasy in morphological characters, resulting in conXicting phylogenetic hypotheses. A phylogeny based on four nuclear genes (rag-1, rag-2, tyrosinase, BDNF) and one mitochondrial gene (CO1) of representatives of all currently recognized subfamilies uncovers a basal polytomy between several subfamilial clades. A sister group relationship between the cophylines and scaphiophrynines is resolved with moderate support, which unites these endemic Malagasy taxa for the Wrst time. The American members of the subfamily Microhylinae are resolved to form a clade entirely separate from the Asian members of that subfamily. Otophryne is excluded from the subfamily Microhylinae, and resolved as a basal taxon. The placement of the Asian dyscophine Calluella nested within the Asian Microhyline clade rather than with the genus Dyscophus is corroborated by our data. Bayesian estimates of the divergence time of extant Microhylidae (47-90 Mya) and among the subclades within the family are discussed in frameworks of alternative possible biogeographic scenarios.

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The South American herpetofauna : its origin, evolution, and dispersal

Cited by 116 publications

References 184 publications

Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia

Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia

Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus 1766) – Scorpion Mud Turtle

Nuclear gene phylogeny of narrow-mouthed toads (Family: Microhylidae) and a discussion of competing hypotheses concerning their biogeographical origins

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