The Spanish Version of the Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue): Evidence for Longitudinal Measurement Invariance and Relationship With Emotional Regulation

The Japanese empathy questionnaire (EmQue) for preschool children: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance across gender

“…Mothers rated their child’s behaviors over the previous 2 months on a 3-point scale (0 = no , 1 = sometimes , and 2 = often ). Its short-form version includes 13 items with the same tridimensional structure (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018; see Table 1).…”

“…Across samples, the assumed sequence of the first three stages of empathy was reflected by the EmQue. The levels of prosocial actions positively and most strongly correlated with age, while the levels of emotional contagion and attention to others’ feelings were either unrelated or less strongly correlated with age in preschool children (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018; Rieffe et al, 2010).…”

“…The EmQue is designed to measure the first three developmental milestones of empathy in Hoffman’s (1987) model that emerge before or during preschool years: emotional contagion, attention to others’ feelings, and prosocial actions. The original EmQue has 20 items (Rieffe et al, 2010), and a 13-item short form in which the three-factor structure remained was developed at a later stage (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018; see Table 1). In fact, the short form achieved a better model fit than the original 20-item version in Italian and Spanish samples (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018).…”

“…The original EmQue has 20 items (Rieffe et al, 2010), and a 13-item short form in which the three-factor structure remained was developed at a later stage (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018; see Table 1). In fact, the short form achieved a better model fit than the original 20-item version in Italian and Spanish samples (Grazzani et al, 2016; Lucas-Molina et al, 2018). Across samples, the assumed sequence of the first three stages of empathy was reflected by the EmQue.…”

Toddlers' preference for prosocial versus antisocial agents: No associations with empathy or attachment security

“…In the current study, a mean score was computed of all items across subscales, separately for mother‐reported and father‐reported responses, to obtain one comprehensive measure of child empathy (Ketelaar et al., 2017). The EmQue has previously shown satisfactory criterion and concurrent validity and reliability (Lucas‐Molina et al., 2018; Rieffe et al., 2010), as well as measurement invariance across time and gender (Grazzani et al., 2017; Lucas‐Molina et al., 2018). In the current study, reliability was acceptable (mothers: Cronbach's α = .75; fathers: α = .76).…”