1995
DOI: 10.1017/s0022143000017871
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The spatial variability of snow resistance on potential avalanche slopes

Abstract: Since snow avalanches are believed to release from zones of localized weakness, knowledge of snow-strength patterns is important for determining slope stability and for applying effective avalanche-control measures. In this study, the spatial variability of snow resistance (an index of snow strength) and depth were measured and compared with terrain features on two inclined slopes. A refined instrument allowed the strength of an entire snow slab to be characterized in a short time. The spatial pattern of trees… Show more

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Cited by 43 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…These processes make the distribution of snow accumulation a complex and dynamic process [ Mott et al ., ]. The spatial variability of snow accumulation is important in order to estimate the timing of the snow melt [ Luce et al ., ; Grünewald et al ., ] and to forecast avalanche danger [ Birkeland et al ., ; Schweizer et al ., ]. Lehning et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These processes make the distribution of snow accumulation a complex and dynamic process [ Mott et al ., ]. The spatial variability of snow accumulation is important in order to estimate the timing of the snow melt [ Luce et al ., ; Grünewald et al ., ] and to forecast avalanche danger [ Birkeland et al ., ; Schweizer et al ., ]. Lehning et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus the different processes shape the spatial distribution of the snow depths and modify the terrain on various scales. Information on the spatial variability of snow cover is crucial for estimating and assessing the magnitude and timing of snowmelt [ Pomeroy et al , 1997; Luce et al , 1998; Grünewald et al , 2010], as well as for forecasting avalanche danger after severe storm events [ Birkeland et al , 1995; Schweizer et al , 2003]. However, the spatial structure caused by process interactions on a variety of scales is difficult to analyze.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The importance of smoothing effects by slab elasticity is verified and the crucial impact of spatial variation characteristics on the so-called knock-down effect on slope stability is revisited using this model. Finally, critical length values are computed from the simulations as a function of the various model parameters and are compared to field data obtained with propagation saw tests.Numerous field studies have documented spatial variations of snow cover properties to investigate the reliability of snow slope stability measurements [e.g., Jamieson and Johnston, 1993;Birkeland et al, 1995;Landry et al, 2004]. More recently, it was recognized that these spatial variations play an important role in the fracture processes of failure initiation and crack propagation in the weak layer leading to dry snow slab avalanche release [Schweizer et al, 2008].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous field studies have documented spatial variations of snow cover properties to investigate the reliability of snow slope stability measurements [e.g., Jamieson and Johnston, 1993;Birkeland et al, 1995;Landry et al, 2004]. More recently, it was recognized that these spatial variations play an important role in the fracture processes of failure initiation and crack propagation in the weak layer leading to dry snow slab avalanche release [Schweizer et al, 2008].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%