The specific diffusion behaviour in paper and migration modelling from recycled board into dry foodstuffs

Abstract

Recycled board plays an important role in food packaging, but the great variety of organic impurities must be considered as potential food contaminants. The diffusion behaviour of the impurities is significantly different from that in plastic materials. The two-layer concept for paper and board introduced recently is now treated in more detail. In the rate-determining surface region the diffusion coefficients of the n-alkanes in the homologous series with 15-35 carbon atoms decrease proportionally as their vapour pressures. This leads to a different equation of the diffusion coefficients in comparison with that for the core layer. Different polarities of the migrants have additional influences on the diffusion due to their interactions with the fibre matrix. A new analytical method for the quantification of aromatic impurities has previously been developed. Based on this method and on the described diffusion behaviour, a migration model for specific and global mass transfer of impurities from recycled board into dry food and food simulants is given.

A Comparison of the Migration of ‘Spiked’ and ‘Intrinsic’ Substances from Paper and Board into Raisins and into Tenax as a Food Simulant

“…Simple correction factors as used for plastic testing are designed to approximate the food characteristics but do not reflect the substance‐specific nor the packaging material‐specific nature of chemical migration. A more complete treatment can be anticipated as an outcome of work that aims to further develop a comprehensive diffusion migration model for P/B that takes into account both substance‐specific, food‐specific and material‐specific characteristics as modelling parameters (for example).…”

Modelling of Migration from Printing Inks on Paper Packaging

“…Züelch and Piringer overestimated A P value to be 16 at the core layer of the paper, and all A P values in the boundary layer were between −0.2 and 16. However, according to Hauder et al , A P value was 8 at the core layer of the paper . According to Barnkob and Petersen, all A P values were between 4 and 8.7 at different humility .…”

“…Barnkob and Petersen considered the paper as a single‐layer system by applying the Piringer model . Based on the previous study, Hauder et al explained in detail when to use single‐layer or two‐layer system …”

Migration by ‘direct’ or ‘indirect’ food contact? ‘Dry’ and ‘wetting’ foods? Experimental data for ‘touching’ contact of dry foods with paper and board

“…In terms of amounts, the migration of the MOSH < C 24 increased by a factor of 3.2, but that of the POA29 hardly at all (by 4%). This must be related to the different migration mechanism of volatile and involatile substances in recycled paper and board, the higher porosity probably being the main obstacle against the migration of the PAO (Aurela & Ketoja 2002;Zülch & Piringer 2010;Poças et al 2011;Hauder et al 2013). It should also be noted that the laboratory-made recycled paperboard was fluffier than industrial products.…”

“…Again the question was not addressed whether there could also be migration of higher boiling (essentially involatile) substances by a mechanism other than gas phase transfer. Barnkob and Petersen (2013) determined the effect of humidity on the migration of benzophenone from paperboard, confirmed by Hauder et al (2013), which suggests a mechanism not primarily determined by volatility in terms of boiling point, but as volatility over the matrix.…”