The Spectrum of Fungi That Infects Humans

Köhler, Julia R.; Casadevall, Arturo; Perfect, John R.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019273

Cited by 292 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…However, only a limited number of species are commonly associated with humans as colonizers and opportunistic pathogens: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae and Candida krusei (Köhler et al, 2015). The yeast C. glabrata ranks number two as an aetiological agent of candidemia in adults in North America and Europe, second to C. albicans (Arendrup et al, 2008;Horn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in Candida glabrata

Santos

Riego-Ruíz

2016

Microbiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in Candida glabrata

Santos

Riego-Ruíz

2016

Microbiology

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“…At present, about 600 fungal species have been found associated with human infections, and the list is growing steadily. Many of these fungi differ significantly in their ecology, pathogenicity, and susceptibilities to antifungal drugs (Köhler et al 2015). Thus, a rapid and accurate identification of pathogens would be essential for early diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy.…”

Section: Human Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal DNA barcoding

2016

Genome

212

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Fungi are ubiquitous in both natural and human-made environments. They play important roles in the health of plants, animals, and humans, and in broad ecosystem functions. Thus, having an efficient species-level identification system could significantly enhance our ability to treat fungal diseases and to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of fungal distributions and migrations. DNA barcoding is a potent approach for rapid identification of fungal specimens, generating novel species hypothesis, and guiding biodiversity and ecological studies. In this mini-review, I briefly summarize (i) the history of DNA sequence-based fungal identification; (ii) the emergence of the ITS region as the consensus primary fungal barcode; (iii) the use of the ITS barcodes to address a variety of issues on fungal diversity from local to global scales, including generating a large number of species hypothesis; and (iv) the problems with the ITS barcode region and the approaches to overcome these problems. Similar to DNA barcoding research on plants and animals, significant progress has been achieved over the last few years in terms of both the questions being addressed and the foundations being laid for future research endeavors. However, significant challenges remain. I suggest three broad areas of research to enhance the usefulness of fungal DNA barcoding to meet the current and future challenges: (i) develop a common set of primers and technologies that allow the amplification and sequencing of all fungi at both the primary and secondary barcode loci; (ii) compile a centralized reference database that includes all recognized fungal species as well as species hypothesis, and allows regular updates from the research community; and (iii) establish a consensus set of new species recognition criteria based on barcode DNA sequences that can be applied across the fungal kingdom.Key words: ITS, secondary barcode, herbarium, metabarcoding, operational taxonomic unit. Résumé :Les champignons sont présents partout, tant dans les environnements naturels qu'anthropisés. Ils jouent des rôles importants dans la santé des plantes, des animaux et des humains de même que dans les écosystèmes. Ainsi, la disponibilité d'un système efficace d'identification des espèces pourrait grandement augmenter la capacité de traiter les maladies fongiques et de surveiller les variations spatiales et temporelles dans la distribution et la migration des champignons. Le codage à barres de l'ADN est une approche potentiellement puissante pour l'identification rapide de spécimens fongiques, permettant d'identifier de nouvelles espèces et guidant les études sur la biodiversité et les écosystèmes. Dans cette mini-synthèse, l'auteur résume brièvement (i) l'histoire de l'identification des champignons sur la base de séquences d'ADN; (ii) l'émergence de la région ITS en tant que code à barre fongique primaire consensuel; (iii) l'emploi des codes à barres ITS pour étudier nombre de questions sur la diversité des champignons de l'échelle locale à globale, inc...

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“…Nonetheless, research on human fungal pathogens has not progressed as much as research on other microbial pathogens, and the slow progress in the field has hampered the development of novel antifungal drugs as well as techniques for diagnosing invasive fungal diseases. Among the estimated 3.5-5.1 million fungal species (O'Brien et al, 2005), only several hundred species are associated with human fungal diseases (Köhler et al, 2014). Just a small number of species among the human pathogenic fungi cause the most common invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human fungal pathogens: Why should we learn?

Kim

2016

J Microbiol.

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Human fungal pathogens that cause invasive infections are hidden killers, taking lives of one and a half million people every year. However, research progress in this field has not been rapid enough to effectively prevent or treat life-threatening fungal diseases. To update recent research progress and promote more active research in the field of human fungal pathogens, eleven review articles concerning the virulence mechanisms and host interactions of four major human fungal pathogens-Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Histoplasma capsulatum-are presented in this special issue.

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The Spectrum of Fungi That Infects Humans

Cited by 292 publications

References 239 publications

Gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in Candida glabrata

Gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in Candida glabrata

Fungal DNA barcoding

Human fungal pathogens: Why should we learn?

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