The Speculative Petro-State: Volatile Oil Prices and Resource Populism in Ecuador

Lyall, Angus; Valdivia, Gabriela

doi:10.1080/24694452.2018.1531690

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We address this gap by bringing to the fore the hydrocarbon logistical infrastructure that makes US imperialism possible. Geopolitical ecology provides a framework to pull together vital work around energy geographies and civilian path dependencies (Bouzarovski & Haarstad, ; Huber, ; Lyall & Valdivia, ; Mulvaney, ), critical logistics (Cowen, ; Khalili, ), and political ecology (Benjaminsen et al., ), in particular, how infrastructure, institutions, nature, and path dependencies intersect for the service of US imperialism. We can now begin to focus on turning down the furnace by cranking up the heat on the US military's war machine.…”

Section: Conclusion: Turning Off the Furnace By Cranking Up The Heat mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on this framework, we draw novel links between critical logistics and supply studies (Chua et al., ; Cowen, ; Tsing, ), geopolitics, and political ecology (Benjaminsen et al., ), with the purpose of setting a new geopolitical ecology research agenda. Moreover, in doing so, we bring together the insights of civilian energy geographies (Bouzarovski & Haarstad, ; Bridge et al., ; Lyall & Valdivia, ; Mulvaney, ) and recent cutting‐edge geographical work on the infrastructure–nature–finance nexus (Cantor & Knuth, ; Usher, ) with the massive hidden carbon costs of the US military.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden carbon costs of the “everywhere war”: Logistics, geopolitical ecology, and the carbon boot‐print of the US military

Belcher

Bigger

Neimark

et al. 2019

Trans Inst British Geog

109

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This paper examines the US military's impact on climate by analysing the geopolitical ecology of its global logistical supply chains. Our geopolitical ecology framework interrogates the material‐ecological metabolic flows (hydrocarbon‐based fuels, water, sand, concrete) that shape geopolitical and geoeconomic power relations. We argue that to account for the US military as a major climate actor, one must understand the logistical supply chain that makes its acquisition and consumption of hydrocarbon‐based fuels possible. Our paper focuses on the US Defense Logistics Agency – Energy (DLA‐E), a large yet virtually unresearched sub‐agency within the US Department of Defense. The DLA‐E is the primary purchase‐point for hydrocarbon‐based fuels for the US military, as well as a powerful actor in the global oil market. After outlining our geopolitical ecology approach, we detail the scope of the DLA‐E's operations, its supply chain, bureaucratic practices, and the physical infrastructure that facilitates the US military's consumption of hydro‐based carbons on a global scale. We show several “path dependencies” – warfighting paradigms, weapons systems, bureaucratic requirements, and waste – that are put in place by military supply chains and undergird a heavy reliance on carbon‐based fuels by the US military for years to come. The paper, based on comprehensive records of bulk fuel purchases we have gathered from DLA‐E through Freedom of Information Act requests, represents a partial yet robust picture of the geopolitical ecology of American imperialism.

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Section: Conclusion: Turning Off the Furnace By Cranking Up The Heat mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden carbon costs of the “everywhere war”: Logistics, geopolitical ecology, and the carbon boot‐print of the US military

Belcher

Bigger

Neimark

et al. 2019

Trans Inst British Geog

109

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“…Given socio-political structures, sunk investments in extractive operations, limited manufacturing capacity, institutional infrastructures, reduced fiscal policy space, commodity exporting nations themselves have been unable to instigate an energy transition beyond oil and gas production. They have had to rely in cases like Chile, Ecuador and South Africa on speculative foreign investments that have not generated a beneficial expansion in green employment (Baker, 2015; Lyall and Valdivia, 2019). Many CDDEs, because of their increasing integration into global financial architecture, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced deindustrialisation that would paralyze their ability to participate effectively in green sectors especially in economically advantageous segments of global value chains (Levy and Bustamante, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The triple crisis of debt, demand and decarbonisation: a preliminary analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on commodity-dependent developing economies

Perry

2020

IJDI

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Purpose This paper aims to offer a preliminary overview and analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on commodity-dependent developing economies (CDDEs). Using debt, decarbonisation and demand as empirical and analytical prisms to understand impacts and dynamics, the paper offers “rent space” as a theoretical tool to appreciate the changing possibilities for using resource rents for capital accumulation and expand development frontiers. It maps out the certain common features among this group of developing countries facing an increasingly adverse and uncertain situation. It offers a political economic perspective on the global dynamics and internal political situation that constrain these countries’ ability to manage the effects of this external shock that date to the 2008 crisis, and to therefore shore up an effective recovery in the coming years. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws together secondary literature and evidence from a number of sources including the World Bank, United Nations and International Monetary Fund on the empirical situation in these countries in view of COVID-19. The paper uses a thematic approach to understand how the current crisis has exposed these embedded and worsening vulnerabilities in this group of countries. Findings Results demonstrate the wide-ranging effects of COVID-19 as an existential crisis of demand in short and medium term, the explosion of debt due to actually occurring financialisation and the looming medium and long-term consequences of decarbonisation that may oblige countries to abandon exploitation of fossil fuel resources. Originality/value In the final analysis, COVID-19 has revealed a number of lingering effects of the commodity boom and global financial crisis. The increased indebtedness that resulted not only underscores the long-term unviability of commodity-based development as a strategy but also reveals new unprecedented weaknesses and challenges. Given the current configuration of global and domestic political economy dynamics, the paper shows that the “rent space” in fossil fuel exporters is particularly constrained and shrinking, compared to mineral exporters, but all showing a trend towards concentration in commodity production overall and worsening prospects for green recovery or industrial pathway.

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“…En 2013, el entonces presidente Rafael Correa inauguró el proyecto ante una audiencia televisiva, anunciando que representaba una "nueva Amazonía" de redistribución y justicia social. Agregó que sería la primera de 200 ciudades del milenio que su gobierno posneoliberal iba a "sembrar" en la región, aunque el gobierno de Correa solo completó tres de ellas (Lyall y Valdivia 2019). Muchos investigadores, periodistas y comentaristas denunciaron las ciudades del milenio como casos emblemáticos en los que el gobierno impone el extractivismo y el desarrollo occidental a las comunidades amazónicas en resistencia.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resistencia en retrospectiva: la multitemporalidad del extractivismo en la Amazonía

Lyall¹

2020

Íconos

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Las comunidades amazónicas adoptan diversas posiciones políticas en relación con el extractivismo. En tales posiciones influyen las diversas historias previas de encuentro y desencuentro con el Estado, las empresas extractivas y la sociedad mestiza. Sin embargo, gran parte de las investigaciones sobre el extractivismo sufren de presentismo. En este artículo examino la multitemporalidad de conflictos y negociaciones en territorios con actividades extractivas, a través de un estudio de caso etnográfico en el norte de Ecuador. Exploro el levantamiento de una comunidad indígena contra una compañía petrolera, durante el cual los miembros de la comunidad invocaron distintos momentos históricos: la época del caucho; la expansión de la educación institucionalizada en la región; y experiencias más recientes de migración urbana. Estos múltiples momentos de la longue durée de la colonización en la Amazonía norte dieron forma a las aspiraciones de esta comunidad para resistir y luego negociar con la petrolera y el Estado, y obtener así un proyecto de desarrollo urbanístico como forma de compensación. Para comprender cómo el pasado influye en conflictos y negociaciones sobre el extractivismo, se requiere prestar atención a esos momentos históricos que dan sentido al presente.

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The Speculative Petro-State: Volatile Oil Prices and Resource Populism in Ecuador

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Hidden carbon costs of the “everywhere war”: Logistics, geopolitical ecology, and the carbon boot‐print of the US military

Hidden carbon costs of the “everywhere war”: Logistics, geopolitical ecology, and the carbon boot‐print of the US military

The triple crisis of debt, demand and decarbonisation: a preliminary analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on commodity-dependent developing economies

Resistencia en retrospectiva: la multitemporalidad del extractivismo en la Amazonía

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